On the basis of study conducted in 1992-1995 in selected Southern Poland municipalities authors present the scale of farming overpopulation in this region and indicate the need for alternative sources of livelihood for the rural populace. Assuming that small, non-farm related business is one such alternative, authors present the scale of its development throughout the Southern Poland counties. Additionally, based on interviews with 431 small business owners, the principal issues and problems of rural small business were described. A practical conclusion arising from the study is the postulate that local governments ought to organize small business development centers in order to assist and advise both new and existing small businesses.
The study pertains to the opinions and attitudes of rural populations on farming- related environmental issues. The study was conducted in 1994 by interviewing 368 randomly selected people from three Southern Poland municipalities. Some of the questions in the study questionnaire made up a test; based on test results, the respondents were assigned point value measures of their attitude towards the environment (''environmental attitude index'') and towards environmental issues in farming. The study showed that attitudes are considerably differentiated, but that there are groups of people deeply interested in the environmental issues. The level of respondents' environmental knowledge could be characterized as fragmentary and relatively superficial. The authors postulate—in the name of environmental and food quality improvements—that regular environmental educational effort should be undertaken among the rural populations.
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