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The effects of dark induced stress on some antioxidant enzymes and their cofactors were evaluated. The study was performed on 280 male mice. Measurements for red blood cell copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase activities, as well as plasma and red blood cell zinc and copper concentrations were taken. Mice exposed to dark induced stress are susceptible to antioxidant enzyme activities such as Cu/Zn-SOD, catalase (CAT), plasma and red cell concentrations of zinc and copper, and were significantly different (P<0.001) compared with the values for the control group.
This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF) on the growth performance of quails, and to determine the preventive efficacy of MOLDSTOP® (calcium formate, calcium propionate, citric acid, sorbic acid, acetic acid, and carrier). A total of 60 one-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were equally divided into four experimental groups each comprising of five replicates of three birds. The supplementation of diet with AF decreased significantly (P<0.001) the feed consumption. The 0.5% addition of MOLDSTOP® to the AF diet did not significantly prevent or reduce negative effect of AF on feed consumption at any time period. Light microscopic examination demonstrated that the addition of MOLDSTOP® did not decrease fat deposition caused by the toxin, and besides, an electron microscopic examination indicated the reorganisation in the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in the number of ribosomes and polisomes compared to the AF plus MOLDSTOP® group. The data indicated that the addition of MOLDSTOP® to diets containing AF did not prevent the negative effects of AF observed in the quail.
The effects of artificial UVC radiation on some blood and urine parameters related to hepatic and renal functions in mice radiated with 30-watt UVC lamp (254 nm and 0.00014 J/cm²/s) were examined. Sixty female mice (Swiss Albino) were used as test animals. The animals were fed a mouse diet and water ad libitum and then exposed to artificial UVC for 8 h daily. Blood and urine samples were taken before radiation (control) and at the 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 75th d after radiation exposure. The samples were collected in different pools. Urea, creatinine, cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT levels were determined in serum, and protein electrophoresis was made (SDS-PAGE) in urine samples. Significant increase (P<0.001) in serum urea values were observed on the 15th and 30th d of the exposure. Urea levels returned to the initial values. Increase in creatinine levels after 7th d of exposure and decrease until the 60th d (significant on the 15th and 45th d) were found. Creatinine levels increased again on the 75th d (P<0.001). Serum cholesterol and AST values were significantly increased (P<0.01) during the whole period of the exposure, except the 45th d. Serum ALT levels were not significantly affected during 30th d exposure. They decreased on the 45th d (P<0.01) and then increased on the 75th d (P<0.01). Serum GGT and ALP levels were decreased during the whole period of the exposure (P<0.01), and GGT activity was at immeasurable levels on the 30th, 45th, and 60th d. Proteinuria, determined by microscopic observation of urine sediment, and the increase in serum urea and creatinine, observed on the 7th and 75th d of the exposure, were considered a renal disorder, and according to the electrophoretical pattern of urine proteins (SDS-PAGE) were defined as mostly glomerulo-tubular type and glomerular type. This indicates that artificial UVC radiation significantly affected the renal function (P<0.01), while the hepatic functions were affected significantly (P<0.01) just on the 75th d of the exposure. Concerning the data, which coincide one on the top of the other, there was the opinion that the kidneys and liver showed different sensitivity to artificial UVC radiation.
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