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Morphomechanical study on the changes taking place in the course of the embryonic development of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus L.) conducted on tlle live fish in vertical and horizontal light beams, revealed that the oocyte (yolk mass) occupies some 30% of the entire egg′s volume, while the remaining 70% is occupied by the perivitelline space. The blastodisc and subsequently the embryo and the larva before the hatching always take up lateral position in the egg. No lipid droplets (structural fat), commonly occurring in the eggs of the other teleost fishes are present in the yolk mass of the bleak eggs. Biological justification of the above extraordinary phenomena as well as their adaptive importance is discussed.
Morphomechanical changes appearing during embryonic development of Scardinius erythrophthalmus L. were followed. Upon complete egg hydration, the yolk together with the embryo was found to occupy about 30% of egg volume, the perivitelline space making up the remaining 70%. The embryonic disc, and the embryo later on, were always located laterally in the egg. As in many other cyprinids, the developing eggs of S. erythrophthalmus contain no strucutral lipids in the form of droplets. At the mid-point of embryogenesis, the yolk begins to divide; as a result, a vitellar diverticulum – elongating as the development continues – appears under the caudal part of the fast growing embryo. After hatching, the diverticulum is transformed into the posterior part of the body cavity. Until hatching, the S. erythrophtalmus embryos lack melanophores both in the skin and in the eyes.
Studies on fish embryogenesis have demonstrated that, although the yolk sac in most fish is spherical or subspherical and is definitely uniform in its architecture throughout, its shape in some cyprinid species (bream, sun bass, bleak and others) changes considerably during late organogenesis. The changes involve a rapid and conspicuous division of the yolk into two parts; the proximal one occupies about three quarters of the yolk volume and is spherical, while the caudal part, a quarter of the yolk volume, becomes elongated or even cylindrical. The yolk sac walls in the caudal part were observed to pulsate rhythmically, thus preceding the pulsation of the budding heart. It may be contended that the yolk sac wall pulsation causes mixing of the internal fluids in the developing embryo, an activity and role preceding that played by the central part of the emerging circulatory system, i. e., the heart.
Observations on the embryonic development of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), carried out in horizontal and vertical light beams, revealed that volume of the entire complex (egg cell with membrane and jelly envelope) increased by the end of embryogenesis by some 50%.
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