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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Growth, survival, density, biomass partitioning and morphological adaptations of natural regeneration in Fagus sylvatica. A review

100%
Jarcuska B.
Dendrobiology
|
2009
|
tom 61
3-11
Beech is an important woody species in terms of ecology, and it also has a considerable commercial value. This fact is also reflected in a high number of scientific papers handling the issue of natural regeneration of this woody plant. The aim of this review is to analyse influence of resources availability and impact of other factors (competition) on height and diameter growth, survival, density, biomass partitioning and morphological adjustment in naturally regenerated beech seedlings and saplings. It pays a particular attention to light – the factor that influences, directly or indirectly, other environmental factors, and consequently, as the key influence on the performance of beech natural regeneration. This contribution includes information about e.g. shade tolerance and mortality-light relationships, ability to increase growth under improved light conditions, dependence of trees growth on their individual size and age etc. In spite of a large number of papers handling the issue of research on beech natural regeneration, growth responses in individual plants are difficult to predict, because the factors involved are numerous. Thus, the process of natural regeneration is in fact interactive, and even retroactive: any change in one of the involved factors induces adjustments of the others.
2
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Is preformation of future shoots in Fagus sylvatica L. buds reflected in bud/sprouted shoot traits relationships?

100%
Jarcuska B.
Dendrobiology
|
2011
|
tom 66
The present study was aimed to find out whether the preformation of future shoot’s organs within a bud is reflected in the bud size/shoot functional traits’ size relationships. The survey attempts to evaluate whether relationships between the bud mass and stem mass, leaf mass, leaf area, total mass and number of leaves, respectively, of spring-shoot sprouted by the bud in Fagus sylvatica (L.) saplings are affected by parental bud location within shoot and parental shoot type. Dry mass of the terminal bud, the first and the last lateral buds placed on terminal and uppermost lateral shoots was estimated nondestructively for 58 beech saplings in December 2008. The shoots sprouted from the measured buds were sampled at the end of growing season, in August 2009. Bud mass, parental shoot type and bud location explained about 90% of shoot traits variability in full-factorial ANOVA. The leaf mass was the only shoot trait not affected by parental shoot type and bud location within shoot in scaling relationship with bud mass. There was not found differences among intercepts across parental shoot types and bud locations, however significant shift along common slope was observed among them. The presented findings could be viewed as a confirmation of the preformation and full development of leaf primordia within the European beech buds prior to bud burst.
3

Morphological plasticity of leaves in natural regeneration of Fagus sylvatica L.: effects of direct and diffuse light, ontogeny and shoot type

100%
Jarcuska B.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2011
|
tom 59
|
nr 2
It is known that the role of accessible light as a growth-determining factor in beech natural regeneration rises in importance with growth of individuals. However, the accompanied changes in leaf traits underlying this shift in light demands are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate influence of ontogenetic stage (0.5 m high ‘seedlings‘, 2.1 m ‘saplings‘), shoot type (terminal, lateral long and lateral short) and diffuse and direct light on morphological traits of leaves at spring-shoot-level in naturally regenerated beech individuals – shoot mean leaf area (mLA), shoot mean leaf weight (mLW), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf area per shoot unit length (LAL), leaf mass per shoot unit length (LWL), number of leaves per shoot unit length (NLL), and ratio of mean-leaf width to its length (LSh). Ontogenetic drift affected the values of these traits; its influence depended on shoot type and component of light. The light explained more trait variability in saplings compared to seedlings (on average 45% vs 32%). The most evident shift was in the case of direct light – while direct light explained on average 18% of traits variability in seedlings, it was about 42% in saplings. The saplings compared with seedlings showed higher values of mLA, mLW, LMA, LAL on short shoots, LWL on lateral long and short shoots, LSh on terminal and lateral long shoots, and lower NLL values on terminal and long lateral shoots. Plastic response to light was higher in saplings than in seedlings (except mLA). Generally, the observed traits showed more plastic response to diffuse than to direct light in seedlings; the response of saplings was similar in both light components. The most plastic trait was LMA, the least LSh. Individuals of saplings displayed higher plasticity in traits close correlating with annual length growth of main axis, which suggests that saplings would benefit from increased light availability more than seedlings.
4

Orthoptera of the peat bogs and wet mountain grasslands in Orava region (NW Slovakia)

51%
Kristin A., Sliacka A., Jarcuska B.
Fragmenta Faunistica
|
2012
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
Peat bogs are habitats of European importance, but only few data exists on crickets and grasshoppers living in these habitats. Altogether 22 species of Orthoptera (6 Tettigonioidea, 2 Tetrigoidea and 14 Acrididoidea) were found in 16 selected localities, in peat bogs and wet mountain meadows in the Orava region in 2008-2011. Only 16 species were registered in peat bogs (4 Tettigonioidea, 2 Tetrigoidea and 10 Acrididoidea) and 18 species in wet mountain meadows. Number of species per site varied between 2 and 14 (mean 9.5). The euryoecious species Euthystira brachyptera (F=100% of sites), Metrioptera roeselii and Omocestus viridulus (both 93.8%), Chorthippus apricarius (87.5%) and Chorthippus parallelus (75%) were the most frequent species. Mountain species Miramella alpina and Metrioptera brachyptera are indicators of specific mountain bilberry meadows and pet bogs. In this extremely cold area we expected wing dimorphic individuals (macropterism) in some brachypterous species. The highest number of macropters was found in Chrysochraon dispar, especially in peat bogs ecotones of the Rudné Nature Reserve (26.8%). Occurrence, distribution and macropterism in some brachypterous species are commented..
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