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The present study describes the impact of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on synseed germination and subsequent synseed-derived seedling growth of Curculigo orchioides, an endangered medicinal plant under in vitro conditions. Shoot buds regenerated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) containing 4 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 3% sucrose were utilized for encapsulation. Encapsulation was achieved by suspending the excised shoot buds into sodium–alginate gel matrix and dropping them into 100 mM CaCl₂ solution. Synseeds thus produced were incubated under different light conditions. Among the various light treatments, irradiation of synseeds with blue LEDs (BL) strongly influences the growth of the synseed-derived seedlings. A significant increase in length, fresh and dry biomass of the synseed-derived seedlings was observed under BL as compared to light treatments of conventional fluorescence lamps (FL) and a combination of blue and red LEDs with equal proportion (BRL, 1:1). The trifoliate leaf area and weighted density of leaves were measured from the digital images of synseed-derived seedlings using MATLAB® 2013a Image Processing Toolbox. Image analysis of the synseed-derived seedlings also revealed the improved growth in terms of increase in trifoliate leaf area and weighted density under BL. Exposure to red LEDs (RL) resulted in poor synseed germination and severely retarded the growth of the synseed-derived seedlings. The leaves of synseed-derived seedlings grown under BL had higher chlorophyll a, carotenoid, total phenols, and flavonoid contents than that of FL and BRL treatments. The synseed-derived seedlings developed under BL also displayed enhanced levels of antioxidant activity. Ex vitro performance of the synseed-derived seedlings raised under BL was found to be better with improved plant canopy as expressed in terms of increase in trifoliate leaf area and weighted density than other light treatments. The present study for the first time demonstrates the potential of BL irradiation on encapsulation technology with the ability of direct conversion of synseeds to synseed-converted seedlings leading to the vigorous growth of the plantlets which may make the encapsulation strategy ideal for supply of healthy plant propagules for transfer to field conditions and germplasm conservation.
Relatively successful elsewhere, gene delivery aimed at the vasculature and kidney has made very little progress. In the kidney, the hurdles are related to the unique structure-function relationships of this organ and in the blood vessels to a variety of, mostly endothelial, factors making the delivery of transgenes very difficult. Among gene-therapeutic approaches, most viral gene delivery systems utilized to date have shown significant practical and safety-related limitations due to the level and duration of recombinant transgene expression as well as their induction of a significant host immune response to vector proteins. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors appear to offer a vehicle for safe, long-term transgene expression. rAAV-based vectors are characterized by a relative non-immunogenicity and the absence of viral coding sequences. Furthermore, they allow for establishment of long-term latency without deleterious effects on the host cell. This brief review addresses problems related to transgene-delivery to kidney and vasculature with particular attention given to rAAV vectors. The potential for gene therapy as a strategy for selected renal and vascular diseases is also discussed.
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme degradation resulting in the formation of iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. The biological effects exerted by the products of this enzymatic reaction have gained much attention. The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective functions associated with HO-1 are attributable to one or more of its degradation products. Induction of HO-1 occurs as an adaptive and beneficial response to several injurious stimuli including heme and this inducible nature of HO-1 signifies its importance in several pathophysiological disease states. The beneficial role of HO-1 has been implicated in several clinically relevant disease states involving multiple organ systems as well as significant biological processes such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation/immune dysfunction and transplantation. HO-1 has thus emerged as a key target molecule with therapeutic implications.
Background. Literature among fishermen of India is scanty. The external factors like diet, quality of dental hygiene and environmental factors have an effect on oral health. Moreover elderly age group offer very little importance towards their oral health. Objective. To assess the prosthetic status and prosthetic treatment needs among the geriatric fishermen population of Kutch coast, Gujarat, India. Material and Methods. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 1200 elderly people (above 60 years) of Kutch coast, Gujarat, India. They were interviewed and examined using a proforma designed with the help of WHO Oral Health Survey 1997. Chi square test was used for comparisons. Confidence level and p-value were set at 95% and 5% respectively. Results. Out of 1200 elderly people, 836 were males and 364 were females. Considering the prosthetic status, majority (76.7%) had no prosthesis followed by full removable dentures (12.3%). An insight into the prosthetic needs showed that majority (27.3%) had a need for multiunit prosthesis. Conclusion. In this study, it was seen that overall prosthetic status was low and prosthetic need was high. Therefore new avenues have to be discovered to make the prosthetic treatment readily available to the elderly.
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