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The effects of sodium lactate and starter culture (Flora Carn L-2) on minced beef stability during 9-day chilled storage and hamburger quality were investigated. The starter culture Flora Carn L-2 was used to preserve the minced meat according to the producer suggestions. There were following experimental groups: I - control; II - 1.5% sodium lactate; III - 3.0% sodium lactate; IV - starter culture. In each group, sodium ascorbate was added in amount of 100 mg per 1 kg of meat. The shelf-life of meat was assessed by measuring the pH, TBA value, haem pigments (Mb, MbO2, MetMb), total bacteria plate count (TPC) and Lactobacillaceae count (LAB). The sensory assessment and texture profile analysis were performed on roasted hamburgers made from stored meat. Sodium ascorbate was found to preserve the light red colour of hamburgers and the major meat pigment during the whole storage period was MbO2. The sodium lactate addition in amount of 3.0% lowered the TBA value and inhibited TPC growth and proportionally increased the Mb02 content and Lactobacillaceae count in beef meat. The hamburgers made from meat containing 3.0% of sodium lactate showed the smallest cooking losses and hardness, got the highest sensory scores and were consumer-accepted up to the fourth day of meat chilled storage. The starter culture addition increased the LAB count in the first days of storage but it had no significant influence on shelf-life of meat and quality of hamburgers.
The research was aimed at defining the possibilities to determine the state of soi contamination by means of a thermal-visional computer system. A liquid fuel base in Grabowm Wielkie near Wroclaw was subjected to research. Thermal images were made from the deck of a plane, at a height of 500m. At the same time, colourful aerial photographs were taken and the base picture was recorded with a video camera, with a simultaneous indicator verification in the area. Quantity data concerning the contamination were obtained by means of a KVA sounder The amount of hydrocarbons in the air was determined using Kitagawa and Drager detector tubes. The usefulness of thermography in this kind of research was proved, determining a higher actual temperature of the contaminated area than the one free from contamination taking into account their emissivity.
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