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1

An anomalous bilateral muscle in Guyon’s canal found during cadaver study

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Depukat P., Mizia E., Walocha J.
Folia Morphologica
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2010
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tom 69
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nr 1
During anatomical dissection, an unusual bilateral muscle in the region of Guyon’s canal was found in a 29-year-old human male cadaver. It originated from the pisiform bone and inserted to the flexor retinaculum. The muscle passed between the superficial and deep branch of the ulnar nerve. The ulnar artery passed anteriorly to the muscle. This work reports this finding and tries to categorise it in one of the groups following the literature. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 65–67)
2

Median nerve thenar motor branch anatomical variations

88%
Mizia E., Tomaszewski K. A., Goncerz G., Kurzydlo W., Walocha J.
Folia Morphologica
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2012
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tom 71
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nr 3
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different types of median nerve thenar motor branch and to compare them with literature data. Material and methods: This study was conducted using median nerves dissected from cadavers stored in a 10% solution of formaldehyde at the Department of Anatomy of Jagiellonian University Medical College (JUMC) and cadavers from the Department of Forensic Medicine JUMC. The research protocol was approved by the Jagiellonian University Ethics Committee (registry KBET/209/B/2002). Results: The studied group comprised 8 (26.7%) women and 22 men (age between 23 and 92 years), yielding a total of 60 thenar motor branches (30 right vs. 30 left). Forty-seven (78.3%) nerves were classified as extraligamentous, 12 (20%) were subligamentous, and 1 (1.7%) was transligamentous. As for the side of origin of the thenar motor branch, in 45 (75%) cases it was the radial side and in 2 (3.33%) cases it was the ulnar side. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm that the extraligamentous type of thenar motor branch is the most common and that the ulnar origin of the thenar motor branch is the rarest. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 3: 183–186)
3

The use of computer-assisted image analysis in measuring the histological structure of the human median nerve

88%
Mizia E., Tomaszewski K. A., Lis G. J., Goncerz G., Kurzydlo W.
Folia Morphologica
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2012
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tom 71
|
nr 2
Background and aim: The aim of this study was to assess the histological structure of the median nerve and its motor branch (number and arrangement of nerve bundles) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve (on the level of the carpal tunnel). Material and methods: This study has been conducted using median nerves dissected from cadavers stored in a 10% solution of formaldehyde at the Department of Anatomy of the Jagiellonian University Medical College and cadavers from the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. After dissection the median nerves were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and histological slides were prepared. These were later photographed (16¥ magnification) and analysed using ImageJ software. The research protocol was approved by the Jagiellonian University Ethics Committee (registry KBET/209/B/2002). Results: The studied group comprised 8 women and 22 men (age between 23–92 years), yielding a total of 60 median nerves (30 right vs. 30 left). In 4 (6.67%) cases an accessory motor branch was found. The mean CSA of the median nerve was 0.19 cm2. The median nerves from the right hand had a statistically larger CSA (p = 0.017). The number of nerve bundles in the median nerve varied between 13 to 38 and in the motor branch of the median nerve between 4 to 14. Conclusions: The nerve bundles of the median nerve, at the level of the carpal tunnel, display no particular type of arrangement. ImageJ software proved useful in the assessment of the histological structure of the human median nerve and its motor branch. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 2: 82–85)
4

The median nerve in the carpal tunnel

88%
Mizia E., Klimek-Piotrowska W., Walocha J., Rutowski R., Wojtala R.
Folia Morphologica
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2011
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tom 70
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nr 1
A study of the variations of the course and branching pattern of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel were carried out on 60 wrists from 30 fresh cadavers autopsied in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Jagiellonian University Medical College. The results were compared with the literature. The study confirmed that the extraligamentous type of motor branch variation is most common. The transligamentous course of the nerve is of special importance: it is usually accompanied by hypertrophic muscle, and the nerve hidden within this muscle can easily be cut during transection of the retinaculum. The results proved the necessity of approaching the median nerve from the ulnar side when opening the carpal tunnel. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 1: 41–46)
5

Vascular architecture of the human uterine cervix, as assessed in light- and scanning electron microscopy

76%
Bereza T., Tomaszewski K. A., Walocha J., Mizia E., Bachul P., Chmielewski P.
Folia Morphologica
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2012
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tom 71
|
nr 3
Background: The aim of this study was to visualise and describe the vasculature of the human uterine cervix. Material and methods: The material for this study was obtained from women (age between 20 to 45 years) during autopsy. The material was collected not later than 24 h post-mortem. This study was performed using uteri from cadavers of menstruating nulliparas (33 uteri) and menstruating multiparas (27 uteri). Collected uteri were perfused via the afferent vessels with Mercox resin (for corrosion-casting and SEM assessment) or acrylic paint solution (light microscopy assessment). The research protocol was approved by the Jagiellonian University Ethics Committee (registry KBET/121/8/2007). Results: In all cases bilateral cervical branches (1–4), originating from the uterine artery, were found. Both in the vaginal and supravaginal parts of the cervix, four distinct vascular zones were found. In the pericanalar zone ran small veins, responsible for draining the mucosal capillaries. Both in the muscular layer, as well as in the pericanalar zone, arterioles, and venules passed close to each other, often adjoining. Conclusions: This study does not confirm the existence of a single “cervicovaginal” artery, but shows that the vascular supply of the cervix comes from several vessels. It also introduces the idea of two systems, responsible for draining blood from the mucosal capillaries. Neither assessment in light microscopy nor in SEM revealed any differences between multiparas and nulliparas, regarding the vascular architecture of the cervix. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 3: 142–147)
6

Computer-assisted assessment of the histological structure of the human sural nerve

76%
Mizia E., Tomaszewski K. A., Rutowicz B., Konopka T., Pasternak A., Walocha J. A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2014
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tom 73
|
nr 3
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the histological structure (cross- -sectional area — CSA, number of nerve bundles) of the human sural nerve at the level above the lateral malleolus, using computer-assisted image analysis. Materials and methods: This study has been conducted using sural nerves dissected from cadavers during routine autopsies. The harvested tissues samples were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4 µm and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Each cross-section was photographed (16 × magnification) and the images were analysed using Java ImageJ. Results: The studied group comprised 12 women and 25 men (mean age 60.1 ± 15.7 years), yielding a total of 74 sural nerves (37 right vs. 37 left). The mean ± standard deviation CSA of the sural nerve was 0.14 ± 0.07 cm². The mean number of nerve bundles in the sural nerve was 10.5 ± 6.0. In terms of gender and side, neither the CSA (p = 0.45 and p = 0.79, respectively) nor the number of nerve bundles revealed any differences (p = 0.34 and p = 0.47, respectively). Strong negative correlations were noted between the age of the donors and the sural nerve CSA (r = –0.69, p = 0.02), as well as the number of nerve bundles (r = –0.57, p = 0.06). Conclusions: This study shows that there are no statistical differences between the CSA and the number of nerve bundles in the sural nerve when compared by gender and side of the lower limb. This study also allows drawing the conclusion that the sural nerve degenerates with age in terms of both the CSA and the number of nerve bundles. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 3: 292–297)
7

‘Venous lakes’-a corrosion cast scanning electron microscopy study of regular and myomatous human uterine blood vessels

76%
Bereza T., Tomaszewski K. A., Lis G. J., Mizia E., Pasternak A., Mazur M., Mitus J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2014
|
tom 73
|
nr 2
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the venous structure of regular and myomatous human uteri, using corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Special attention was paid to the endometrium and the so called ‘venous lakes’. Materials and methods: Uteri collected at autopsy (n = 67) were injected with Mercox CL-2R resin, which penetrated the capillary bed and filled both arteries and veins. After the polymerisation of the resin, the corrosion was performed. The obtained vascular casts, visualising all vessels including capillaries, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Amongst the 67 uteri prepared for the corrosion casting, only 22 (15 containing leiomyomata) yielded casts of acceptable quality for SEM assessment. Veins of the endometrium and the myometrium were present in the form of a chaotic network, which did not run parallel to the arterial system, but was rather independent. Microscopic venous dilations (‘venous lakes’) were observed both within the functional layer of the endometrium and the myometrium. They were digit-like in shape and could be compared to venous sinuses. They drained the subendothelial capillary plexus and were supplied by numerous capillaries and venules. Their size ranged from 270 to 420 µm. Those dilatations were absent in the outer myometrium and the perimetrium, as well as the uterine cervix. We have not observed any arteriovenous anastomoses. Conclusions: The myomatous uteri tend to have larger venous lakes than the normal uteri. The number and size of venous lakes increases with menstrual cycle progression. Further data on morphology and changes in venous lakes using scanning electronic microscopy should be acquired. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 2: 164–168)
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