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Changes in neurogenesis with post‑hatching age in the male Japanese quail (Cortunix japonica) brain

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Nkomozepi P., Mazengenya P., Ihunwo A. O.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2018

tom 78

nr 2

Most avian neurogenesis studies have previously focused on the song control system and little attention has been given to non-song birds. The objective of this study was to assess changes in neurogenesis associated with post-hatching age (3-12 weeks) in the Japanese quail brain using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. PCNA-immunoreactive (ir) cells were observed mainly in the olfactory bulb ventricular zone, telencephalic ventricular zones and cerebellum. Fewer PCNA-ir cells were also observed in the hypothalamus, thalamus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. In telencephalic ventricular zones, PCNA-ir cells were concentrated ventrally and dorsally adjacent to the mesopallium and medial striatum, respectively. DCX-ir cells were observed in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon and cerebellum. Furthermore, DCX-ir cells were scattered throughout the pallium except in the entopallium and arcopallium, septal nuclei and striatum. Fewer DCX-ir cells were also observed in the hippocampus and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. The density of PCNA-ir cells and DCX-ir cells in all brain areas declined with post-hatching age. In conclusion, cell proliferation appears to be restricted to the ventricular zones whereas neuronal recruitment is more widespread in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon and cerebellum. Postnatal neuronal incorporation appears to be absent in the diencephalon and mesencephalon.

Superficial brachial artery: a possible cause for idiopathic median nerve entrapment neuropathy

100%

Nkomozepi P., Xhakaza N., Swanepoel E.

Folia Morphologica

2017

tom 76

nr 3

Nerve entrapment syndromes occur because of anatomic constraints at specific locations in both upper and lower limbs. Anatomical locations prone to nerve entrapment syndromes include sites where a nerve courses through fibro-osseous or fibromuscular tunnels or penetrates a muscle. The median nerve (MN) can be entrapped by the ligament of Struthers; thickened biceps aponeurosis; between the superficial and deep heads of the pronator teres muscle and by a thickened proximal edge of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. A few cases of MN neuropathies encountered are reported to be idiopathic. The superficial branchial artery (SBA) is defined as the artery running superficial to MN or its roots. This divergence from normal anatomy may be the possible explanation for idiopathic MN entrapment neuropathy. This study presents three cases with unilateral presence of the SBA encountered during routine undergraduate dissection at the University of Johannesburg. Case 1 — SBA divided into radial and ulnar arteries. Brachial artery (BA) terminated as deep brachial artery. Case 2 — SBA continued as radial artery (RA). BA terminated as ulnar artery (UA), anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. Case 3 — SBA continued as UA. BA divided into radial and common interosseous arteries. Arteries that take an unusual course are more vulnerable to iatrogenic injury during surgical procedures and may disturb the evaluation of angiographic images during diagnosis. In particular, the presence of SBA may be a course of idiopathic neuropathies. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 3: 527–531)

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1 Folia Morphologica

2 Nkomozepi P.

1 Ihunwo A. O.

1 Mazengenya P.

1 Swanepoel E.

1 Xhakaza N.

1 2018

1 2017

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Changes in neurogenesis with post‑hatching age in the male Japanese quail (Cortunix japonica) brain

Superficial brachial artery: a possible cause for idiopathic median nerve entrapment neuropathy