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Synthetic seed production of medicinal plants: a review on influence of explants, encapsulation agent and matrix

100%

Gantait S., Kundu S., Ali N., Sahu N. C.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2015

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tom 37

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nr 05

The present review illustrates the implementation of synthetic seed technology for mass propagation and short-term storage of several medicinal plants, popularly grown throughout the world. Biotechnology-based research with special reference to in vitro plant cell and tissue culture intervention created a new outlook in terms of mass propagation, germplasm storage and cryoconservation, production of secondary metabolites as well as genetic transformation. Synthetic seed technology involving alginate encapsulation of in vitro or in vivo generated explants proved to be a competent system to deal with multiplication, storage and exchange of seedless medicinal plants having traits of choice that are intricate to propagate via conventional approach. Nevertheless, optimization of production, storage and exchange of synthetic seeds are influenced by several factors. Manipulation of those factors such as explant selection, encapsulating agent and matrix determined the success of synthetic seed technology in medicinal plants. The present review elucidates an outline of past progress, present status and future prospects of synthetic seed technology intervention in medicinal plants with special emphasis on the factors which determine the success of this technology.

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Genetic diversity of Brassica rapa germplasm of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan revealed by molecular markers

76%

Ali N., Ali S., Khan N. U., Jan S. A., Rabbani M. A., Hussain I.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2019

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tom 18

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nr 6

A total of 96 indigenous Brassica rapa accessions were collected from different locations of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers were used to identify the most diverse genotypes among the collected lots. Twenty six (26) different SSR primers were used for (genetic) variability among collected genotypes. These primers were selected from literature based on their previous results. These primers produced 135 scorable bands of which 75 were polymorphic, with an average of 55.5% polymorphic loci, and reflected the broader genetic background of the collected genotypes. An average 2.88 polymorphic bands with an average PIC value of 0.49 was recorded. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) divided all genotypes into three main groups. Group one contained three clusters, while group two and three had four and two clusters each. Based on the UPGMA dendrogram, genotypes collected from Kohat, Bannu, Swat and Haripur showed considerable amount of variation. From the present study, it is concluded that SSR markers can be proved as the best tool for the genetic variability of other local and exotic B. rapa genotypes.

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Effect of chilling exposure and vapor heat treatment duration on the quality of sweet orange during simulated marketing

76%

Hussain I., Rab A., Khan N. U., Sajid M., Ali N., Khan S. M., Ali S.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2017

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tom 16

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nr 5

Sweet orange fruits were exposed to vapor heat treatment (50°C) in water bath for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min in plastic covered structure. The data were recorded on different physico chemical factors immediately after the storage and after seven days simulated marketing under ambient condition (20°C). Low temperature storage enhanced weight loss, surface pitting, disease incidence, total soluble solids accumulation, TSS/Acid ratio but decreased reducing sugars, acidity and ascorbic acid content. Chilling exposure up to 45 days had no significant effect on weight loss and TSS. However, increased weight loss (2.63%), TSS (11.75), TSS/Acid ratio (8.45 ºBrix), disease incidence (8.93%) and lowest reducing sugars (3.90) were noted in sweet orange exposed to chilling temperature for 75 days. Among the VHT durations, the highest weight loss (2.29%) was found in VHT for 0 min while the highest TSS (11.81 ºBrix), TSS/Acid ratio (8.10) and disease incidence (6.22%) and least reducing sugars (4.12%) were found in VHT 20 for min. Vapor heat treatment ranging from 5–10 min resulted in lowest weight loss (1.79%), TSS (10.81 ºBrix) TSS/Acid ratio (7.33), disease incidence (1.00%) and highest reducing sugars (4.75%) in sweet orange fruits. However, non-reducing sugars were least affected by both LTSs and VHTs. It is concluded that the chilling exposure (5°C) beyond 45 days aggravated the decline of fruit physio-chemical quality characteristics. Whereas, VHT with 5–10 min maintained the sweet orange fruit quality during simulated marketing; however, VHT of 15–20 min adversely affected the sweet orange fruit quality attributes.

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Novel antimicrobial and antioxidative activity by endophytic Penicillium roqueforti and Trichoderma reesei isolated from Solanum surattense

76%

Ikram N., Ali N., Jan G., Hamayun M., Jan F. G., Iqbal A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2019

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tom 41

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nr 09

Crop protection against phyto-pathogens has become a global challenge that can be tackled efficiently through natural resources, including endophytic fungi. Endophytes serve as a reservoir for the vast array of potent bioactive metabolites. We investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial potency of endophytes from the roots of Solanum surattense. The non-polar fraction of the cultural filtrate from the isolated strains was tried for antibacterial potency through agar plate diffusion assay. Among the isolated strains, Penicillium roqueforti (CGF-1) and Trichoderma reesei (CGF-11) had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against phyto-pathogenic bacteria (Xanthomonas oryzae, Pseudomonas syringae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Ralstonia solanacearum). The extracts of CGF-1 and CGF-11 achieved the best result against A. tumefaciens. Similarly, qualitative analysis of the ethyl acetate extracts P. roqueforti and T. reesei exposed the occurrence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and tannins. HPLC analysis also confirmed the presence ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, quercetin, and rutin in the non-polar fraction of the cultural filtrate from the isolated strains. The results conclude that P. roqueforti and T. reesei can play an active role against the plant pathogens by secreting the bioactive compounds to protect host plant. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of the P. roqueforti and T. reesei suggests its use in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry.

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Biocontrol efficacy of different isolates of Trichoderma against soil borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

64%

Asad S. A., Ali N., Hameed A., Khan S. A., Ahmad R., Bilal M., Shahzad M., Tabassum A.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2014

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tom 63

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nr 1

In this study, the biocontrol abilities of water-soluble and volatile metabolites of three different isolates of Trichoderma (T. asperellum,T. harzianum and Trichoderma spp.) against soil borne plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed for the first time that mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen was 74.4–67.8% with water-soluble metabolites as compared to 15.3–10.6% with volatile metabolites in vitro. In vivo antagonistic activity of Trichoderma isolates against R. solani was evaluated on bean plants under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We observed that T. asperellum was more effective and consistent, lowering disease incidence up to 19.3% in laboratory and 30.5% in green house conditions. These results showed that three isolates of Trichoderma could be used as effective biocontrol agents against R. solani.

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Polymorphisms in JAK2 gene are associated with production traits and mastitis resistance in dairy cattle

64%

Ali N., Niaz S., Khan N. U., Gohar A., Khattak I., Dong Y., Khattak T., Ahmad I., Wang Y., Usman T.

Annals of Animal Science

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2020

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tom 20

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