The olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. Europaea) is an old traditional crop which was domesticated from the wild at various locations around the Mediterranean basin, resulting in a vast number of accessions worldwide. This is the case of the northeast part of Spain (Aragon), where 163 genotypes were prospected and characterised. The majority of these genotypes (90 %) seem to be autochthonous accessions of this area and the rest are synonyms of accessions from other areas of Spain. In this study, 11 nuclear SSR markers were used to discriminate between the accessions and to understand the genetic relationship among them. All primers produced a successful amplification giving a total of 176 fragments in the genotypes studied, with an average of 16 alleles per SSR, ranging from 5 (DCA13) to 24 (DCA11). Allele size ranged from 120 bp at locus UDO99 to 284 bp at locus DCA15. The dendrogram generated using the variability observed classified most of the genotypes according to their geographical origin (Huesca, Teruel and Zaragoza provinces), confirming the particular evolution of different olive ecotypes. Structure software was used to investigate the genetic population structure among olive accessions, showing that the maximum rate of change in the log probability of the data occurred at K = 2. In addition, the SSR markers have consequently shown their usefulness for cultivar identification in olive, for establishing the genetic closeness among its accessions, and for establishing genealogical relationships.
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