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The aim of this study was the comparison of growth parameters, yields and qualitative properties of muscles in broiler hybrids ISA 220 and intermediate type ISA 257. One hundred and one one-day-old chicks, comprising approximately equal numbers of males and females were used. During the experiment the feed consumption (per 1 kg of body weight gain), weight gains, and body weight were recorded. After the processing of the broiler chickens, the weight of carcass, and yields (of the whole carcass, breast muscle, thighs, boned thigh muscles, wings, skeleton) were recorded. The breast and thigh muscles were analyzed for the content of nitrogen compounds, fat, water, amino acid, and weight losses during the cooking. The sensory properties of breast and thigh muscles of both groups were compared. The mean body weight of the broiler chickens at the beginning of the experiment was 43 g (ISA 257), and 36 g (ISA 220) respectively. On day 45, the mean body weights and carcasses were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group ISA 220 (2507 g and 1676 g respectively) in comparison with ISA 257 (1890 g and 1249 g). These results corresponded with the results of carcass yields. The mean yield of the whole carcass was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ISA 220 (66.64%) in comparison with ISA 257 (66.06%). However, the mean yields of thighs, boned thigh muscle, and wings, which are considered as ideal parts, for grilling were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ISA 257. Higher differences were recorded in fat and water content. The hybrids ISA 220 contained a higher amount of water in breast and thigh meat, and fat content was higher in meat of ISA 257, mainly in breast meat. The results of sensory examination showed better acceptability of ISA 257 hybrid than ISA 220.
Blood serum concentrations and biological half-life of oxytetracycline (OTC) after long action preparations were investigated in adult sheep of the Slovak Merino breed. A the same time their local tolerance has also been observed. In the first group oxytetracycline was administered in the form of preparation Tetraxyl L. A. inj. a.u.v. and in the second group in the form of preparations Alamycin L.A. inj. a.u.v. The blood serum concentrations of OTC were studied at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 24 hours and 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after single administration of the preparations. Oxytetracycline has been determined by high HPLC chromatography. Therapeutically concentrations of OTC (above 0.5 ?g.ml-1) produced by Tetraxyl were detected within 74 hours and after Alamycin administration within 67?68 hours. Detectable concentrations of OTC (under MIC) of Tetraxyl (0.28 ?g.ml-1) and Alamycin (0.14 ?g.ml-1) were recorded in 96 hours. On the 5th day all samples in both groups were negative. Biological half-life of Tetraxyl was determined at 36.5?38.5 hours and Alamycin at 36.0?37.0 hours. Short-time palpation hyperaesthesia was recorded in 1 sheep (within 13 hours) after Tetraxyl administration and in 2 sheep (within 15 hours) from the Alamycin group. On the basis of the results it was concluded that in selected pharmaceutically parameters and also in local tolerance Tetraxyl L.A. is more favorable in comparison with Alamycin L.A.
The study investigated the presence of sulphadimidine residues in eggs after per oral administration of Sulfadimidin PG plv. sol. ad us. vet. (120 mg/hen/day) to laying hens. Premi®Test, a four-plate microbiological method, and HPLC were used to detect sulphadimidine residues. The positive findings of the Four-plate test (FPT) were confirmed by the results of Premi®Test. The absence of sulphadimidine residues was confirmed 72 hours after the last sulphadimidine administration by using the FPT. The presence of sulphadimidine residues was detected by Premi®Test within 8 days and by the FPT within 3 days after the last administration. The FPT test reported false-negative results for five days (kappa < 0.6) as compared with the results of Premi®Test. The study confirmed the conformity of results obtained by both Premi®Test and HPLC (kappa = 0.6).
The effect of feeding common balm (Melissa officinalis L.) and combination of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and common hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) on sensory properties and oxidative stability (2-thiobarbituric method - TBA) of chilled and frozen chicken meat was investigated. The experiment was carried out on 90 one-day-old broiler chicks (ROSS 308) divided into three groups and fed for 41 days, as follows: control (C) with basal diet without supplementation, the second group (LB) with basal diet supplemented with ground common balm 20 g.kg-1, and the third group (YH) with basal diet supplemented with ground yarrow 20 g.kg-1 and hawthorn 10 g.kg-1. Supplementation with common balm, and especially with combination of yarrow and hawthorn, caused the significant reduction in lipid oxidation processes in chicken meat during chilling and freezing storage. In experimental groups (LB, YH) stored chilled or frozen significant lower amounts of TBA reactive products were found compared with control group (P<0.05). Thigh meat was more susceptible to lipid oxidation compared with breast meat. In addition, diets supplemented with plants had a positive effect on sensory quality of fresh or frozen (12 month) meat. On the other hand, organoleptic properties of breast muscles were not influenced by supplementation.
Zinc is an essential trace element effective at very low concentrations, but it is also an important environmental pollutant dangerous after excessive intake or exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro nephrotoxicity of zinc sulfate heptahydrate ZnSO₄ × 7H₂O (1, 10, 50, 100, 200 mg/l) using rabbit epithelial kidney cells RK13 as the model cell line. The xCELLigence system (RTCA) for real-time monitoring of cell response and the end-point assays for determining metabolic activity (MTT test), cytotoxicity (LDH test), proliferation (BrdU test) and cell cycle analysis were compared. Exposure to zinc sulfate produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The inhibition concentration IC50 value for xCELLigence monitoring was 101.8 mg/l, for MTT test 135.9 mg/l and 197.4 mg/l for BrdU test. There was a significant correlation between used assays (p≤0.05) except for the LDH test. Based on mean of IC50 values, the effect of zinc sulfate at 150 mg/l on cell cycle was evaluated. We observed the accumulation of cells in S phase accompanied with the reduction of cells in the G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, the mean of our IC50 values for kidney cells is relatively high in comparison to the recommended as well as therapeutic daily doses.
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