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Metaphysics, or the knowledge of what there is, has been traditionally placed at the pinnacle of philosophical hierarchy. It was followed by theory of knowledge, or epistemology. Practical knowledge of proper modes of conduct, ethics, came third, followed by aesthetics, treated usually in a marginal way as having to do only with the perception of the beautiful. The hierarchy of philosophical disciplines has recently undergone a substantial transformation. As a result, ethics has assumed a central role. The aim of this paper is to suggest that the hierarchy of philosophical disciplines is not yet complete and that one further step needs to be taken. According to the claim advocated here, it is not metaphysics, epistemology or ethics, but aesthetics that is the first and foremost of all philosophical disciplines. This claim is argued for by references to findings of evolutionary aesthetics, especially to Charles Darwin's idea of sexual selection as elaborated in The Descent of Man. I also argue that Darwinian approach to morality is, and should be, derivable from an Darwinian aesthetics which lies at the core of his conception of sexual selection.
To conduct the study two experiments were performed. In the first one the level of oestrone sulphate (EiS) and oestrone (Ei) was determined in the peripheral blood during the last two weeks before parturition. The mean Ei level was increasing progressively until the end of pregnancy. In contrast, the EiS values were at that time constant. However, just before parturition the concentration of EiS (15-18 ng per 1 ml) was 5-fold higher than that of Ei (3.0-3.5 ng per 1 ml). In the second experiment the level of the steroid hormones was measured in the uterine (umbilical vessels) circulation. The highest levels of EiS (approx. 35 ng per 1 ml) were found in the foetal blood (umbilical vein), while the highest concentration of Ei (approx. 8 ng per 1 ml) was in the uterine circulation (uterine vein). The data obtained suggest that placental oestrogens are primarily produced in the conjugated form (EiS) by the foetal part of the placenta; in the maternal placenta they are converted into unconjugated oestrogens form, in the perinatal period has been discussed.
The study were carried out on 90 breed dairy cows chosen at random and divided into two groups: the control one (K) and the experimental one (D). The animals from the experimental group were injected with immunostimulative doses of 10% levamisole (2,5 mg/kg of body weight) three times before delivery in weekly intervals during a 2-year period from 1991 to 1993. The extensiveness of gastro-intestinal nematodes invasion in all experimental and control cows was investigated by the coproscopic method during the period from October 1992 to September 1993. The extensiveness of invasion was 56% in the experimental group, about 33% lower than in the control group. This difference was unchanged during the whole period of the investigation independently of the observed seasonal changes of gastro-intestinal nematodes invasion in each group.
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