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Obszary mokradłowe jako jedne z cenniejszych ekosystemów podlegają prawnej ochronie. Najcenniejsze fragmenty obejmowane są najwyższą formą ochrony jakim są Parki Narodowe. Utrzymywanie wysokiego uwilgotnienia, które jest warunkiem zachowania walorów przyrodniczych tych obszarów wywołuje niekiedy konflikty z użytkownikami terenów przyległych. W pracy przedstawiono analizę sytuacji konfliktowych jakie wystąpiły w Biebrzańskim, Narwiańskim i Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Odprowadzenie nadmiaru wody z terenu zabudowanego lub użytkowanego rolniczo wymaga ingerencji w naturalny reżim obiegu wody na terenie chronionym. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na wskazanie możliwych rozwiązań kompromisowych.
The Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is one of the European regions seriously vulnerable to drought events and there is an urgent need in the region to develop better drought management systems. In February 2013 the Global Water Partnership for Central and Eastern Europe region launched the Integrated Drought Management Programme (IDMP CEE) involving more than 40 organizations from 10 CEE countries. The Programme is structured to provide both policy advice and practical solutions in drought management. The specifi c objectives of the IDMP CEE are to develop understanding, knowledge and planning for integrated drought management, map and assess the impact of droughts. Moreover, several case studies (demonstration projects) in pilot basins involving local communities are initiated. The national governments are supported to incorporate drought management in their national programs, develop monitoring framework and raise drought awareness through effi cient dissemination mechanisms. All countries of the CEE region need to improve both their short-term and long-term responses across sectors to meteorological, agricultural and hydrological droughts. In spite of the fact that several basins in the region are of transboundary character, regional integration of drought monitoring and early warning is not at the level desired. Whilst the lack of water is the primary cause of drought, there are still a large number of factors which exacerbate and intensify its effects. If these factors – many of which have little to do with water per se – are adequately managed, the consequences of the lack of water can be greatly reduced. For example, there are several specifi c problems and challenges related to the current process of economic transition in the region, including macroeconomic and financial problems.
In this paper water balance approach has been adopted for estimation the water management rules in the Middle Biebrza Basin. There are few different water users in the area which water demands are in conflict i.e. water use for agriculture and for carp production in the fish ponds vs. renaturization of the previously overdrained area along the Woznawiejski Canal. The main hydraulic structures in the are there are the Rajgrodzki water reservoir and the Kuwaski Canal. Authors propose also use of Drenstwo Lake as a water reservoir. Using optimisation-simulation model of the area the water management rules for the Rajgrodzki reservoir are estimated. The possible use of the Kuwaski Canal for flood protection is proposed. The idea of use of the Drenstwo Lake for water supply for renaturized area is examined. The results of various scenarios of water management in terms of performance criteria are summarized in Tab. 5 a and b.
The purpose of the study was to choose the water management alternative for the Upper Narew Basin, considering the conservation of hydrogenic habitats, in particular the Narew Landscape Park. Three main parts of the Upper Narew River Basin can be distinguished: Narew valley from the Siemianówka reservoir to the settlement of Suraż, which is a marshy area becoming dry-ground forest extensively used for agricultural purposes; wetlands of high ecological value within the Narew Landscape Park; and a drained part of Narew valley and Suprasl valley used for intensive agricultural production. For the purpose of simulation of alternative scenarios of the water management system performance, the model NAREW was developed. The model consists of two main parts: water allocation model based on Out-of- Kilter network programming algorithm and simulation submodels of different water users. The simulation studies were carried out using the historical data over the period of 1951-1985. Three groups of water management alternatives were analysed. The alternative called the „reference” alternative, mapped the situation in the Upper Narew Basin, before the Siemianówka reservoir was built. The results of simulation-optimisation computations for this alternative are a reference level for evaluation of the other alternatives. The alternatives called „environment friendly” assumed that the conservation of hydrogenic habitats was the priority task of the Siemianówka reservoir. Another group of alternatives under study was called „economic” alternatives. These alternatives assumed that the priority reservoir tasks were water supply to the City of Białystok, Łapy Sugar Factory and drainage-irrigation systems. The results of computation show that in the case of economic alternatives, supporting flows in Supraśl River from Siemianówka reservoir the environental goals can not be met. However if the channel connecting Siemianówka reservoir and Supraśl River does not operate most of the water user can be supplied and the hydrogenic habitats does not suffer the lack of floods. The detailed situation in the Supraśl catchment has not been analysed.
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