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Immunomodulujące własności β-glukanow są powszechnie znane. Opisano ich działanie antynowotworowe. Tylopilan jest związkiem ekstrahowanym z niejadalnych polskich grzybów. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu na niektóre parametry odporności przeciwbakteryjnej. Stwierdzono, że tylopilan jest stymulantem nieswoistej odpowiedzi immunologicznej nasilającym proces fagocytozy, tzn. pochłanianie i trawienie. Zwiększa też zdolności bakteriobójcze komórek żernych, podwyższa przejściowo stężenie dopełniacza oraz odsetek przeżycia myszy zakażonych gronkowcami.
The environment is used as a broad umbrella term for all sources of allergens which may cause allergic hypersensitive reaction of the immune system of humans. Westernization of life leads to increased average consumption of food additives (natural and xenobiotics) – starting from over 5kg (10lbs) annually with a strong tendency to intensify. Modern technologies of food production often employ substances improving quality, texture, colour, taste, acidity or alkalinity. Haptens present in food or drugs, penetrating organism via gastrointestinal tract, may be responsible for symptoms not only in the gastrointestinal tract itself, but also in peripheral organs. Mechanisms of hapten action within human body are different – they include reactions when the immune system is involved (allergic hypersensitivity) and not involved (food intolerance also known as non-allergic hypersensitivity). Food intolerance is a more frequent phenomenon diagnosed in 20-50% of cases; food allergy affecting 6-8% children and 1-2% adults. Our work elucidates mechanisms of hypersensitivity responses to haptens, and characterizes major haptens applied as food additives.
Zbadano zawartość izomerów trans kwasu oleinowego (C18:1), izomerów trans 9, trans 12 kwasu hnolowego (C18:2) oraz sprzęgniętych dienów kwasu linolowego (CLA) w blaszkach miażdżycowych tętnicy szyjnej pozyskanych śródoperacyjnie od pacjentów operowanych z powodu powikłań miażdżycy. Przeprowadzono analizę chromatograficzną 17 blaszek, stwierdzając w większości z nich obecność izomerów trans kwasu oleinowego i izomerów trans 9, trans 12 kwasu linolowego.
Aim: Adiponectin and leptin are two adipokines playing important roles in the regulation of body weight, appetite, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) adipokines accumulate in serum due to reduced renal clearance. Since adipokines have pleiotropic actions, the adipokine balance may have an impact on peritoneal membrane transport. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum adiponectin and leptin levels were related to peritoneal transport and residual renal function (RRF) in newly started peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: 25 clinically stable patients, 4 to 6 weeks after the onset of PD, were included in the study. For each patient clinical and laboratory data were reviewed and standard PET test was performed. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined and leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio was calculated. Results: Serum adiponectin correlated negatively with weight, BMI and glucose concentration. Serum leptin and L/A ratio correlated positively with BMI. Serum adiponectin correlated positively with dialysate to plasma (D/P) creatinine ratio and ultrafiltration in PET test. Serum leptin level and L/A ratio correlated strongly negatively with peritoneal creatinine clearance. Conclusions: Serum adiponectin concentration is positively associated with baseline solute transport. Leptin concentration and L/A ratio are negatively associated with dialysis adequacy in newly started PD patients.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) are positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with have a potential anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammation properties. Metabolites of arachidonic acid - prostaglandins and thromboxans are endogenous mediators of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 and thromboxan A2 which are a products of two izoformes of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) in macrophages, play an important role in this process. COX - 1 is a constitutive enzyme, whereas the COX - 2 is inducible and its amount in the cell rapidly increases during inflammation (e.g. via NF B pathway). The aim of the study was to test the effect of CLAs on cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) activity, their mRNA expression and protein content in macrophages. Additionally the active form of the kB (NF B) transcription factor was measured. For the experiments monocytes from monocytic cell line (THP-1) and from human venous blood were used. Monocytes were differentiated to macrophages and cultured with 30 µM CLAs or linoleic acid for 48 h. The COX-1 and COX-2 products - PGE2 and TXB2, were measured by ELISA method. The enzymes (COX-s) activity were estimated by spectroscopic method. mRNA expression and protein analysis were analysed by real-time PCR and Western blot technique. In macrophages cultured with CLAs reduction of TXB2 and PGE2 concentration was observed. Significant change in COX-2 expression in cells cultured with trans-10, cis-12 CLA (in macrophages obtained from peripheral blood) was observed. COX-1 inhibition was resulting from competition of CLA and linoleic acid with arachidonic acid.
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