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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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The effect of culture medium formulation on Pinus nigra somatic embryogenesis

100%
Salaj T., Fraterova L., Carach M., Salaj J.
Dendrobiology
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2014
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tom 71
The potential of immature zygotic embryos to produce embryogenic tissue was tested using culture media differed in inorganic salt composition as well as plant growth regulator content. Explants cultured on DCR as well as MLV media gave the highest initiation percentages with maximum values of 8.8% (MLV) to 10.4% (DCR). Plant growth regulators content (standard or reduced) had no profound effect on embryogenic tissue initiation. Somatic embryo maturation as well as germination was dependent on the cell line and salt composition of the medium. Plantlet regeneration occurred in three cell lines out of five tested. During the maturation process profound changes occurred in the internal organisation of somatic embryos such differentiation of root meristem in precotyledonary somatic embryos and formation of provascular strands in cotyledonary somatic embryos.
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Embryogenic suspension cultures of Pinus nigra Arn.: growth paramenters and maturation ability

100%
Salaj T., Blehova A., Salaj J.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2007
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tom 29
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nr 3
Suspension cultures have been established from embryogenic tissues of Pinus nigra initiated from immature zygotic embryos. The growth of tissues in liquid medium has been influenced by initial tissue weight used for the establishment of the cultures as well as by genotype. In most of the cases initial tissue weight 0.5 g was insufficient and the cultures showed poor growth and later degeneration. Higher amount of initial tissues (1 or 2.5 g) was more efficient for the establishment and proliferation of somatic embryos in liquid medium. The growth of suspension cultures was also cell line dependent. Somatic embryo maturation in liquid medium was very limited and no plantlet regeneration occurred. Cotyledonary somatic embryos developed and produced emblings when the suspension was plated on filter paper discs and cultured on solid maturation medium. Based on our experiments we can state that the embryogenic tissues are able to grow and proliferate in liquid medium but somatic embryo maturation and plantlet regeneration occur only on solid medium.
3
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Conifer somatic embryogenesis-an efficient plant regeneration system for theoretical studies and mass propagation

100%
Salaj T., Matusova R., Salaj J.
Dendrobiology
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2015
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tom 74
Since the first report of somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce in 1985, the in vitro process has been initiated for a number of conifer species belonging to different genera. The process of somatic embryogenesis involves initiation, proliferation, maturation and plantlets (emblings) regeneration. The initiation of somatic embryogenesis is restricted mostly to juvenile explants, although recently explants taken from adult trees produced embryogenic tissues. The successful initiation, maturation and emblings regeneration are affected by factors as developmental stage of primary explants, genotype, plant growth regulators content in the culture medium, light conditions. Optimisation of mentioned factors resulted in regeneration of emblings capable of growing after transfer to soil.
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The effect of carbohydrates and polyethylene glycol on somatic embryo maturation in hybrid fir Abies alba x Abies numidica

100%
Salaj T., Matusova R., Salaj J.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
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2004
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tom 46
159-167
Embryogenic cell line AN 72 derived from immature hybrid fir Abies alba x A. numidica zygotic embryos was subjected to different maturation treatments. The effect of the carbohydrates sucrose, maltose and glucose (each at 3%, 6% and 9%) or PEG-4000 (5.0%, 7.5% and 10%) combined with different carbohydrate sources was tested. PEG-4000 stimulated somatic embryo maturation of hybrid fir. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the carbohydrate source used. Culture medium with maltose as carbohydrate source combined with PEG-4000 produced the highest number of cotyledonary somatic embryos. Carbohydrates supplied alone (mainly at 6% and 9%) exerted an unfavorable effect, increasing the frequency of abnormally shaped somatic embryos without regeneration capacity. The structural organization of morphologically well-developed cotyledonary somatic embryos was similar to that of zygotic embryos. In abnormal somatic embryos the shoot apical meristem and root meristem were very damaged. Electrophoretic separation of denatured proteins using SDS-PAGE showed differences in the accumulation of low molecular weight storage proteins in somatic embryos. Storage protein accumulation was dependent on the concentration of PEG-4000 and the carbohydrate source.
5

Biochemistry of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in silver fir [Abies alba Mill.]

100%
Kormutak A., Salaj T., Matusova R., Vookova B.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
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2003
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tom 45
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nr 1
The paper reports a comparative study of storage protein synthesis and enzyme activity during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of silver fir. The SDS-PAGE profiles of storage proteins in zygotic and somatic embryos were similar but not identical. Six storage protein fractions were detected in zygotic embryos, as compared with eleven fractions in somatic embryos. The principal storage protein of zygotic embryos was represented by the 43 kDa fraction, and in somatic embryos by the 53 kDa fraction. Peroxidase activity was lower in the precotyledonary and cotyledonary stages of somatic embryos than in the corresponding developmental stages of zygotic embryos. However, following desiccation, the mature somatic embryos possessed three times higher peroxidase activity than the mature zygotic embryos. The reverse was true of the specific activity of esterase, which was higher in zygotic embryos than in somatic embryos in all stages of development.
6

Development of embryo-like structures in the suspension cultures of flax coincides with secretion of chitinase-like proteins

88%
Petrovska B., Salaj T., Moravcikova J., Libantova J., Salaj J.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2010
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tom 32
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nr 4
Flax suspension cultures have been established from the callus induced from the cotyledons, hypocotyls, and immature zygotic embryos (iZE). The growth of flax suspension culture (expressed as a sedimented cell volume) was compared in both conditioned (by liquid from embryogenic Pinus nigra suspension culture) and nonconditioned media. Conditioning of media significantly increased the growth of the cell lines of hypocotyl and iZE origin; however, it had no promotive effect on embryogenic response of these flax liquid cultures. Formation of embryo-like structures (ELS), confirmed also histologically, has only been found in the cell line derived from iZE and cultivated in non-conditioned MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l⁻¹ 2,4-D. The process of ELS formation in this cell line was accompanied by the expression of the protein(s) with chitinolytic activity and molecular weight approximately of 25 kDa. The relationship between the formation of ELS and secretion of chitinase(s) is discussed.
7

Long-term maintenance of Pinus nigra embryogenic cultures through cryopreservation

88%
Salaj T., Matusikova I., Swennen R., Panis B., Salaj J.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2012
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tom 34
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nr 1
Embryogenic tissues of Pinus nigra have been cryopreserved using a two step slow-freezing method. In the first experiment, 20 cell lines were included and the effect of the duration of cryostorage (1 h vs. 1 year) on regrowth was compared. After a short-term storage (1 h in liquid nitrogen, LN) out of 20 cell lines tested 15 showed regrowth (75%) with individual frequencies 10–100%. Long term storage (1 year in LN) resulted in regrowth of 14 cell lines (70%) while the individual frequencies reached 10–100%. One year storage had no negative influence on the fresh mass accumulation evaluated 2–3 months after thawing. Another 20 cell lines were included in the second experiment with the aim to study the correlation between cryotolerance and maturation capacity of cell lines. Between maturation capacity and cryotolerance expressed as regrowth frequencies of individual cell lines, no correlation has been found.
8
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Crossability relationships between noble, manchurian and causanian firs

64%
Kormutak A., Vookova B., Salaj T., Camek V., Galgoci M., Manka P., Bolecek P., Kuna R., Kobliha J.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
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2012
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tom 54
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nr 2
We used artificial hybridization to study the crossability of the noble fir (Abies procera) with Manchurian fir (A. holophylla) and Caucasian fir (A. nordmanniana), and found compatibility between A. procera of North American origin and the Asian species A. holophylla as evidenced by the 14% fraction of filled seeds obtained in A. procera × A. holophylla crossing. Crossing of A. procera with the Mediterranean species A. nordmanniana failed completely, producing only empty seeds.
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