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Arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus versiforme induced bioprotection of apple tree against scar skin disease

100%

Yang S., Zhang Z., Zhang Z., Shi S.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 5

Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) is a serious pathogen of apple fruits that results in severe loss in apple production. Up to nowadays, many ASSVd management options are applied to resist the disease, but the diserable resulits are not achieved. Therefore, this study was conducted in 2010–2012 at experimental field of Penglai City, Shandong Province, China (E 120°57’22’’, N 370°38’33’’) to investigate whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) Glomus versiforme protects Red Fuji apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh) against apple scar skin viroid. Red Fuji apple trees were inoculated with Glomus versiforme and then potential protection mechanism was explored and compared to noninoculated plants. The results showed that inoculation with Glomus versiforme significantly increased root length colonization rate and clearly decreased the percentage of disease severity of apple scar skin disease. Compared to non-inoculated plants, Glomus versiforme obviously enhanced total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in leaves. Root colonization by Glomus versiforme induced an increase in defense-related enzyme activities in fruits, such as the enhanced activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, chitinase and glucanase. Significant differences in acid content of fruit and fruit yield were observed as apple roots were colonized by Glomus versiforme. It is therefore concluded that Glomus versiforme can be regarded as a biocontrol agent to protect apple trees against the infection with ASSVd.

2

Probing energy-related CO2 emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on ridge regression considering population factors

89%

Wen L., Zhang Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2020

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tom 29

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nr 3

3

Predicting spatial distribution of plant functional traits in a forest-steppe zone

89%

Fan S., Zhang Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 1

4

Dispersal of wood mice and bank voles in an agricultural landscape

89%

Zhang Z., Usher M. B.

Acta Theriologica

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1991

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tom 36

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nr 3-4

5

Influence of operational sex ratio and density on the copulatory behaviour and mating system of Brandt's vole Microtus brandti

89%

Zhang J., Zhang Z.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 3

The pattern of copulatory behaviour of Brandt's vole Microtus brandti (Radde, 1861) is similar to patterns 11 and 12 as described by Dewsbury and Dixson: no lock, single intromission, thrusting after intromission and multiple ejaculations. Under constant density, when the operational sex ratio (OSR, male to female) was skewed to the males, the mating opportunity of males decreased due to mating interference, while the mating input of female remained the same; when the OSR was skewed to the females, male voles tended to increase mating input while females did not. Under the same OSR (1:1), when density increased, the mating opportunity of both sexes dramatically decreased due to mating interference between same sex individuals; the thrusting frequency of males increased, probably due to compensation for the decreased mating opportunity. There was a considerable probability of the voles forming monogamous and polygynous mating relationships. Our results did not support the prediction that when OSR is skewed to male, the mating interval of males will shorten. We suggest that the most predominant mating system and mating interference should be taken into account when investigating an OSR effect. Our study suggested that the Brandt's vole is prone predominantly to monogamy and polygyny. However, due to limitation of observation in the laboratory, further work should be combined with studies in the field.

6

Food hoarding behaviour of large field mouse Apodemus peninsulae

89%

Lu J., Zhang Z.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 1

An important behavioural adaptation for animal species with variable or unpredictable food availability is storing food. Food availability for large field mouseApodemus peninsulae (Thomas, 1907) is not reliable. We conducted a series of tests with the large field mouse to determine food hoarding behaviour, response when their hoarded food was removed, and whether perishable foods were treated different than non perishable foods. The study was conducted in four semi-natural enclosures (4 × 3 × 1 m), established on the Donglingshan Mountain near Beijing, China. Thirteen large field mice were placed in enclosures and offered wild apricotPrunus armeniaca seeds and Liaodong oakQuercus liaotungensis acorns. Our results indicated that although large field mice hoarded seeds in larder and scatter patterns, they more frequently exhibited larder hoarding. Liadong oak acorns were generally consumed near the feeder, whereas apricot seeds were more frequently transported to the nest box. Only apricot seeds were scattered among hoard sites. When seeds were removed from hoarding sites the mice responded by taking increased amounts of seeds to their nest for larder and scatter hoarding. Hoarding sites were not randomly distributed throughout the enclosure.

7

Effects of aluminum on superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, and lipid peroxidation in the roots and calluses of soybeans differing in aluminum tolerance

72%

Du B., Nian H., Zhang Z., Yang C.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2010

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tom 32

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nr 5

The seedlings of two soybean genotypes, Al-tolerant PI 416937 (PI) and Al-sensitive Young, were cultured in the solution containing 0, 25 or 50 µM Al (AlCl₃‧6H₂O) for 24, 36 or 48 h in the hydroponics, and the calluses induced from two genotypes were cultured in medium containing 0, 10, 50 or 100 µM Al for 5, 10 or 15 days, respectively. The effects of Al on growth of seedling roots and calluses, antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and lipid peroxidation were investigated. Under Al stress, PI was more tolerant to Al toxicity than Young at both intact plant and tissue levels and lower concentrations of Al significantly stimulated the root and callus growth of PI. Al application enhanced the activities of SOD and POD and lipid peroxidation in both roots and calluses of two genotypes. Although the differences of SOD activities between two genotypes in response to Al toxicity depended on Al concentration and durations of treatment, SOD activities in the roots of PI were higher than those in the roots of corresponding Young in the presence of Al for 36 or 48 h. Meanwhile, the POD activities in PI roots increased as the Al levels and durations of treatment increased, significantly higher than those in the corresponding Young roots. Moreover, Al-treated PI had significantly lower lipid peroxidation than Young at both root and callus levels. These results suggest that the enhanced antioxidant-related enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation in PI might be one of Al-tolerant mechanisms.

8

Analysis of heavy metals of muscle and intestine tissue in fish - in Banan section of Chongqing from Three Gorges reservoir, China

72%

Zhang Z., He L., Li J., Wu Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 6

949-958

The present study was carried out to investigate contamination of heavy metals in 19 fish species from the Banan section of Chongqing in the Three Gorges, yangtze River. The results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals were higher in intestine than muscle, except zinc in upper strata. In the fish inhabiting the upper strata, there were significant differences between mean concentrations of As, Cr, Cu and H in muscle and intestine (P <0.05). There were also significant differences between mean concentrations of Cr and Cu in muscle and intestine in the fish inhabiting middle strata. however, significant differences between mean concentrations of As, Cd, hg, Pb and zn were measured in fish inhabiting bottom strata in both intestine and muscle tissues (P <0.05). For the fish inhabiting different strata, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, H and Pb in muscle and intestine of the fish from bottom strata (BS) were higher than those in both upper strata (US) and middle strata (MS); whereas a higher concentration of zn was measured in muscle and intestine from fish inhabiting upper strata. Mean metal concentrations were found to be higher in age II than those in age I in Coreius heterodon (2- and 1-year odl fish respectively). The overall results indicated that fish muscle in the Banan section were slightly contaminated by heavy metals, but did not exceed Chinese food standards.

9

Provincial differences on CO2 emissions in China’s power industry: a quantile regression approach

72%

Wen L., Zhang X., Zhang Z., Shao H.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2019

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tom 28

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nr 5

As the world’s largest energy consumer today, China is causing increasing pressure on the global environment, and the power industry might bear the primary responsibility for producing nearly 50% of China’s CO₂ emissions. Investigating the main drivers of CO₂ emissions in China’s power industry is of vital importance for developing effective environmental policies. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China, the quantile regression approach was applied in the present paper in order to find out which provinces should pay more attention to mitigating CO₂ emissions in the power industry. Results show that the upper 90th quantile provinces (Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shandong) have to spend more efforts on carbon reduction, and the influences of economic growth, industrialization level and energy efficiency in these provinces are more significant than in others. These findings are extremely helpful for related departments in the power industry to develop appropriate policies pertaining to energy savings and emissions reduction.

10

Comparing estimation methods for soil organic carbon storage in small karst watersheds

72%

Zhang Z., Zhou Y., Wang S., Huang X.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 4

In order to accurately estimate soil organic carbon storage (SOCS), 2,755 soil profiles and 23,536 soil samples were acquired by grid method, followed by a study on the SOCS, soil bulk density (SBD), gravel content (GC), and distribution characteristics of rock coverage (RC) in a small karst watershed (SKC). Then on the basis of soil profile summation, an investigation was done on the applicability of RC/GC-based soil type method, land utilization type method, and aspect method to the estimation of SOCS in SKC at different depths. As shown by the results, the average soil organic carbon content (SOC) in the soil samples ranged from 5.25 to 24.87 g.kg⁻¹, and decreased with the soil depth increasing; the average SBD ranged from 1.17 to 1.41 g.cm⁻³, which first increased with the soil depth increasing and then tended to be steady; the average GC ranged from 0 to 20.15%, which decreased gradually with the soil depth increasing and finally to zero; the RC ranged from 0 to 86.32% at different sample points. RC and GC greatly affected the estimation of SOCS, so after correction based on RC and GC, the soil type method was adopted for estimation, concluding that SOCS at depths of 0-20 cm, 0-30 cm, and 0-100 cm was 341.82×10⁶ kg, 449.29×10⁶ kg, and 738.351×06 kg, respectively; RC and GC affected white sandy soil the most, as shown by the following SOCS estimated by the land utilization type method: 319.56×10⁶ kg, 416.04×10⁶ kg, and 607.02×10⁶ kg, respectively, at depths of 0-20 cm, 0-30 cm, and 0-100 cm; RC and GC affected wasteland the most, as shown by the following SOCS estimated by the aspect method: 318.64×10⁶ kg, 411.63×10⁶ kg, and 628.46×10⁶ kg, respectively, at depths of 0-20 cm, 0-30 cm, and 0-100 cm; RC and GC affected the SOCS in the south slope the most; in terms of catchment scale, the “vertical stratification + horizontal classification” pattern was expanded to the “land utilization type method” and “aspect method.” For estimating the SOCS in topsoil, the aspect method achieved the best result, while the land utilization type method achieved the best result at a depth of 100 cm.

11

Bryophyte diversity in karst sinkholes afected by diferent degrees of human disturbance

72%

Liu R., Zhang Z., Shen J., Wang Z.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2019

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tom 88

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nr 2

12

Corresponding responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms stress

72%

Zhou Q., Han S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2020

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tom 29

|

nr 6

13

Evaluation of mathematical models in nitrogen transfer to overland flow subjected to simulated rainfall

72%

Xie M., Zhang Z., Zhang P.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2020

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tom 29

|

nr 2

14

Soft-part preservation in a linguliform brachiopod from the lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation [Guanshan fauna] of Yunnan, South China

72%

Hu S., Zhang Z., Holmer L. E., Skovsted C. B.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2010

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tom 55

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nr 3

495-505

Linguliform brachiopods were important components of early Cambrian benthic communities. However, exceptionally preserved soft parts in Cambrian linguliform brachiopods are extremely sparse, and the most important findings are from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Konservat Lagerstätte of Kunming, southern China. Here we describe the first record of preserved soft−part anatomy in a linguliform brachiopod from the early Cambrian Guanshan fauna (Wulongqing Formation, Palaeolenus Zone); a unit which is considerably younger than the Chengjiang fauna. The well preserved soft anatomy include linguliform pedicles, marginal setae and, in a few cases, an intact lophophore imprint. The pedicle has pronounced surface annulations, with its proximal−most part enclosing the apex of the ventral pseudointerarea; the pedicle is up to 51 mm long, corresponding to more than 4 times the sagittal length of the shell, and 12% of the maximum valve width. In details of their preservation, these new fossils exhibit striking similarities with the linguliforms from the older Chengjiang fauna, and all specimens are preserved in a compressed state as flattened impressions. The new linguliform has an elongate oval to subtriangular shell and an elongate triangular ventral pseudointerarea; the pedicle emerged from an apical foramen through a poorly preserved internal pedicle tube. The new linguliform is most similar to the mostly organic−shelled siphonotretoid−like brachiopod Acanthotretella spinosa, recently described from the classic middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Konservat Lagerstätte, British Columbia, Canada. The new species Acanthotretella decaius sp. nov. is described; it differs from A. spinosa in having a slightly thicker pedicle, and a larger and more rigid, probably partly mineralised shell, indicating that the mostly organic shell of A. spinosa may represent a secondary reduction of shell mineralisation. However, the spine−like setae of the new species are unfortunately poorly preserved only at the margin of the shell, but the new species is referred tentatively to the Superfamily Siphonotretoidea. The occurrence of A. decaius in the Guanshan fauna is the first lower Cambrian (Series 2, early Stage 4) record of both Acanthotretella and siphonotretoids, and it represents the first description of a lophophore and digestive tract from the siphonotretoid lineage.

15

A positioning lockholes of container corner castings method based on image recognition

72%

Shen Y., Mi W., Zhang Z.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

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tom 24

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nr Special Issue S3

This article proposes a method of locating and recognizing lockholes in shipping container corner castings. This method converts the original image of the containers captured by a camera into the HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color space. To reduce the influence of the surface color of the containers and lights from the environment on the locating and recognizing algorithm, most noisy points of the image are filtered by binarization and a morphology opening operation to make the features of the containers clearer in the image. Thus, the container body can be separated from the total image. Then, the position and size of the corner castings are defined through calculation based on the international standard of the shipping container size. Lastly, by using this method, we can locate the corner casting in the image by using the General Hough Transform fitting algorithm onto ellipses

16

Cadmium-induced alterations in morpho-physiology of two peanut cultivars differing in cadmium accumulation

72%

Zhang Z., Liu C., Wang X., Shi G.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2013

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tom 35

|

nr 07

This study examines differences in the morphophysiological responses of low- and high-cadmium (Cd) accumulating peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to Cd stress. The biomass, Cd accumulation, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, root respiration, and hydraulic conductivity of Qishan 208 (low-Cd accumulator) and Haihua 1 (high-Cd accumulator) were determined via a hydroponic experiment. Exposure of peanut plants to 2 and 20 μM Cd considerably decreased their shoot biomass, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, total root length, number of root tips, root respiration, and hydraulic conductivity. The root biomass, root surface area, and average diameter were unaffected by Cd exposure. The two cultivars differed in Cd accumulation and morphophysiological responses to Cd stress. Qishan 208 accumulated less Cd in plant tissues but was more sensitive to Cd stress than Haihua 1. The total root length, surface area, average diameter, number of root tips, and root respiration rate of Haihua 1 were significantly higher than those of Qishan 208. The well-developed root system and higher root respiration of Haihua 1 may be responsible for its high Cd accumulation capacity.

17

Comparing sorption characteristics of Tetrabromobisphenol-A, bisphenol-A, and 2,6-dibromophenol in a single-aolute aystem

72%

Li X., Peng X., Zhang Z., Jia X.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2016

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tom 25

|

nr 5

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and its analogue compounds (bisphenol-A (BPA) and 2,6-dibromophenol (2, 6-DBP)) sorption on CTMAB-clays was investigated in this paper through bath experiments. Montmorillonite and kaolinite modified by CTAMB, as the adsorbent, were firstly characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEManalysis. The surface areas was determined using N2 (77K) sorption-desorption analysis. Kinetic studies showed that sorption reached equilibrium in 5 hours and followed the pseudosecond order kinetic model. The intra-particle diffusion model for sorption was also investigated and compared to identify the sorption mechanism. The sorption isotherms, well fitted by Freundlich model, were changed from being non-linear to being linear with intercalating CTMAB into clays, which indicated that CTMAB increased the partition interaction. A combination of partition and specific sorption might be contributed to TBBPA and its composition products sorption mechanism. The Freundlich coefficients (kF) and distribution coefficients (kd) for both two adsorbents were primarily increased by increasing amount of adsorbed CTMAB, while the organic carbon normalized sorption coefficients (koc) did not follow this trend. Meanwhile, 100%CEC-CTMAB-Montmorillonite showed an advantage of removal of the selected compounds than 100%CEC-CTAMB-Kaolinite. The sorption capacity of BPA was bigger than that of 2,6-DBP in spite of their similar hydrophobicity, which indicated some molecule properties might influence the sorption on CTMAB-clays. Moreover, the negative ΔG0 and ΔH0 indicated the spontaneous and exothermal process. The TBBPA sorption on CTMAB-clays was considerably enhanced in the acid condition.

18

Insecticide susceptibility of the green plant bug, Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dur (Homoptera: Miridae) and two predatory arthropods

72%

Zhang Z., Zhang X., Liu F., Mu W.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2015

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tom 55

|

nr 4

The green plant bug (Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür) is a key pest of Bt cotton in China. Along with biological control, chemical control is one of the most important strategies in A. lucorum Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of eight conventional insecticides to A. lucorum and to assess the susceptibility of two generalist predators Chrysopa sinica (Jieder) and Propylaea japonica (Thunbery) to insecticides that are commonly used in A. lucorum management. Via glass-vial and leaf-dip bioassay, toxicity tests with selected insecticides at two different life-stages of A. lucorum indicated significant differences between the LD50 or LC50 values for these compounds within different insecticidal classes. Phenylpyrazole fipronil had the highest toxicity to 4th-instar nymphs and adults of A. lucorum, whereas neonicotinoid imidacloprid had the lowest toxicity among the insecticides. Females were more tolerant to insecticides than were males, as shown by the higher LD50 values for females. Furthermore, laboratory tests showed that endosulfan had the highest selectivity to C. sinica and P. japonica: the selective toxicity ratios (STRs) were superior to other tested insecticides, particularly imidacloprid, and were 5.396 and 4.749-fold higher than baseline STRs, respectively. From this study, we conclude that fipronil can potentially be used to efficiently control A. lucorum. An alternative control agent worth consideration is endosulfan, owing to its relative safety to non-targeted natural enemies.

19

Soil organic carbon density spatial distribution and influencing factors in a karst mountainous basin

72%

Zhang Z., Zhou Y., Wang S., Huang X.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2017

|

tom 26

|

nr 5

To illustrate the distribution pattern of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in a small karst watershed and its main influencing factors, this research quantitatively analyzed the spatial heterogeneity and distribution characteristics of SOCD using 2,755 thoroughly investigated soil profile samples; field point sampling, laboratory determination, and geo-statistical analysis were used, and the major influencing factors of SOCD were analyzed using a principal components analysis. The results indicated that the SOCD decreased gradually with increasing soil depth in the small karst watershed; in particular, the average SOCD was equal to 12.11 kg·m⁻² at a depth of 100 cm, which is higher than the national level. An optimal fitting model for the SOCD in this Basin was a Gaussian model, which showed a moderately strong spatial correlation. A kriging interpolation suggested that the soil carbon density (SOCD) was higher in the eastern region but lower in the southern region, exhibiting an ascending trend from the middle to the exterior. In the small karst watershed, the SOCD at a depth of 100 cm differs between different vegetation types, different soil utilization types, and different soil types. The soil thickness, rock coverage and altitude were the principal influencing factors on the SOCD in the small karst watershed, among which soil thickness had the largest impact.

20

Comparative and evolutionary analysis of new variants of psi-gliadin genes from three A-genome diploid wheats

72%

Zhuang Q., Zhang Z., Chen F., Xia G.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2012

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tom 53

|

nr 2

A genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning strategy was applied to isolate ω-gliadin sequences from three A-genome diploid wheats (Triticum monococcum, T. boeoticum and T. urartu). Amplicon lengths varied from 744 and 1,044 bp, and those of the corresponding deduced mature proteins from 248 to 348 residues. The primary structure of the deduced polypeptides comprised a short N- and C-terminal conserved domain, and a long, variable repetitive domain. A phylogenetic analysis recognised several clades: the first consisted of three T. aestivum sequences; the second and the third two T. boeoticum and six T. monococcum sequences; and the rest four T. urartu and three T. aestivum sequences. Among the functional (non-pseudogene) ARQ/E-type ω-gliadin sequences, two were derived from T. boeoticum and three from T. monococcum; one of the latter sequences appeared to be a chimera originating via illegitimate recombination between the other two T. monococcum sequences. None of the 12 intact ω-gliadin sequences contained any cysteine or methionine residues. We discussed the variation and evolution of A-genome ω-gliadin genes.

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