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Barbastelles from the Central Asian republics, traditionally included in Barbastella darjelingensis, were compared with other Barbastella species on the basis of cranial and dental morphometrics, fur coloration and sequences of mtDNA. All these factors indicate that individuals from Central Asia should not be treated as a part of B. darjelingensis. They belong to a separate species, closely related to the Egyptian B. leucomelas, but morphologically distinct. On the basis of geographical proximity, it seems likely these are representatives of the same taxon as Transcaucasian animals, and therefore the name B. caspica Satunin, 1908 appears to be appropriate for this species. Evidence is provided, based on genetic differences, that there may be additional species of Barbastella in eastern Asia.
A new Myotis species is described from Central Vietnam and adjacent area of Laos. The new species resembles smaller specimens of the widespread South Asian Myotis muricola, though differs from it and from other small mouse-eared bats by a set of cranial and external characters. Genetic analyses confirm that the new species is distinct from the other named forms of Asian Myotis. Comparison of sequence diversity in the DNA barcode region of the COI gene among East Asian members of Myotis, highlighted several taxonomic questions related to Asian ‘whiskered bats’, suggesting that common morphological diagnostic traits may be shared by genetically divergent species.
A new species of Murina is described from Lam Dong province, Vietnam. The new form is a very small tube-nosed bat with a forearm length less than 30 mm. Externally it looks similar to Harpiola isodon from which it is well differentiated by teeth shape. From other small Murina species the new species can be defined by pelage coloration and texture, longer nasal tubes, dark skin on muzzle and smaller anterior upper premolar. Provisional analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence also supports its species status. This species is known only from mountainous forests of the Da Lat plateau.
A new subspecies of the Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus mongolicus, is de­scribed from eastern Mongolia and Transbaikalia. Compared to other north-east Asian members of the subgenus Selysius Bonaparte, 1841 it most closely resembles the central Asian M. mystacinus przewalskii Bobrinskoy, 1926 but differs from the latter by higher braincase and enlarged hind foot. In skull proportions, dentition and color­ation patterns it occupies a somewhat intermediate position between M. mystacinus przewalskii and M. brandtii (Eversmann, 1845).
A small Myotis species belonging to the Myotis siligorensis group was found in four caves in Yunnan province, South China. Twenty specimens of this bat were compared with other East Asian Myotis species. Statistical and physical analysis of this sample demonstrates that, despite their similarity to M. siligorensis, the Yunnan specimens have characteristics of baculum morphology and cranial proportions suggesting that they represent a distinct species.
The taxonomic position of Bobrinski's serotine (Eptesicus bobrinskoi) is still unclear. In the present study the relationships between E. bobrinskoi and other small Palaearctic serotines were examined based on morphometric and molecular evidence. Both mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear (THY) sequence data indicate that E. bobrinskoi is closely related to Gobi serotine (E. gobiensis). The difference between these two forms is significantly lower than between either of them and any other Palaearctic serotine. The results of morphometric analysis suggest that morphological differentiation between E. gobiensis and E. bobrinskoi is to a large extent accounted for by size difference. It is concluded that the species status of Bobrinski's serotine is doubtful and this bat should be treated as a subspecies of E. gobiensis.
A combined approach based on the complex use of molecular, morphological and ecological data has shown that the ‘eastern’ group of forms of transpalearctic Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817), deserves a status of distinct species, and conforms to M. petax, described by Hollister in 1912 from the Republic of Altai in the south of Western Siberia. In our genetic analysis we used SINEs (short interspersed elements) of nuclear DNA as genetic markers, and by means of Inter-SINE-PCR, have clearly demonstrated a species distinctiveness of M. petax. Our further analysis has also shown, that they considerably differ from M. daubentonii s.str. in skull proportions, dental features, as well as in bacular shape and size. Both species also differ in their ecology and general appearance, especially coloration.
Sequences of the DNA barcode region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene were obtained from 3 8 species of northeastern Palaearctic bats to assess patterns of genetic diversity. These results confirmed earlier findings of deep phylogeographic splits in four pairs of vicariant species (Myotis daubentoniilpetax, M. nattererilbombinus, Plecotus aurituslognevi and Miniopterus schreibersiil fuliginosus) and suggested previously unreported splits within Eptesicus nilssoni and Myotis aurascens. DNA barcodes support all taxa raised to species rank in the past 25 years and suggest that an additional species — Myotis sibiricus — should be separated from Myotis brandtii. Major phylogeographic splits occur between European and Asian populations of Myotis aurascens, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Myotis frater; smaller scale splits are observed between insular and mainland populations in the Far East (M. frater, Myotis ikonnikovi and Murina ussuriensis) and also between southeastern Europe and Ciscaucasia (Myotis daubentonii, Plecotus auritus, and Pipistrellus pipistrellus). One confirmed case of sequence sharing was observed in our dataset — Eptesicus nilssoni/serotinus. This study corroborates the utility of DNA barcodes as a taxonomic assessment tool for bats.
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