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1

Oddzialywanie olowiu na cechy morfologiczne kwiatow Sinapis alba L. i Glycine max [L.]Merr.

100%
Chwil M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EEE: Horticultura
|
2002
|
tom 10
91-97
2
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The structure of secretory tissue of the stigma and septal nectaries as well as nectar secretion of flowers of Hosta fortunei Baker L. H. Bailey (Funkiaceae)

100%
Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2009
|
tom 62
|
nr 1
A study of Hosta fortunei Baker L. H. Bailey (Funkiaceae) flowers was conducted in the years 2007 – 2008. The flower life span and flowering duration as well as the nectar production rate were determined. The structure of the tissues of the stigma and nectary was investigated using stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The plants flowered over a period of five weeks. Flowers of H. fortunei lived two days, on the average. Developed a pistil with an elongated ovary terminating in a discal stigma. On the surface of the stigma, unicellular glandular trichomes grew densely, composed of a stalk with a length of 113 – 213 μm and a head which was characterised by a large diameter range of 54 – 96 μm. The cuticle on the apical surface of a part of the trichomes was smooth, whereas it was striated on the stalk. Their protoplast was characterised by dense cytoplasm and weak vacuolisation. In the head of the trichomes fatty substances were accumulated. Septal nectaries occurred in the ovary of the superior pistil. Nectar was exuded onto the surface through three openings, situated in the upper part of the ovary of the pistil. At these places, epidermal cells formed a smooth or slightly wrinkled cuticle. The outer walls of the cells of the epidermis covering the duct accumulating nectar were thick. The glandular tissue of the nectary was made up of 2 layers of different-shaped, thin-walled cells and a deeply stained protoplast. They contained dense cytoplasm and a large, frequently lobate nucleus. At the final stage of secretion, fine vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm of the glandular cells. Nectar secretion was abundant. In its initial stage, secretion droplets, increasing during the activity of the glandular tissue, were observed on the epidermis surface around the nectar openings. The weight of nectar from 10 flowers was 92.41 mg. The sugar concentration in the nectar was within a range of 23% – 30%, with an average value of 26%. Sugar yield was 23.83 mg/from 10 flowers.
3
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Zmiany morfologiczne w korzeniach soi [Glycine max [L.] Merr.] w obecnosci olowiu

100%
Chwil M.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2001
|
tom 476
83-89
Siewki soi (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) odmiany Polan były uprawiane przez dwa tygodnie w kulturach wodnych. Wprowadzono cztery poziomy ołowiu (0, 10, 20 i 40 mg(PbCl₂)・dm⁻³). Obserwowano zmiany morfologiczne w różnych strefach korzeni. Porównano strukturę powierzchni ich wierzchołkowej strefy w skaningowym mikroskopie elekronowym (SEM). Stres ołowiowy powodował zmianę barwy, zwiększenie średnicy i formowanie krótkich korzeni bocznych. Odnotowano również: odpadanie komórek czapeczki, spłaszczenie wierzchołka wzrostu, brak włośników i głębokie spękania zewnętrznych tkanek korzeni. Na powierzchni korzeni obserwowano pokaźną warstwę śluzu.
4

Biologia kwitnienia i nektarowanie Ocimum basilicum L.

100%
Chwil M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EEE: Horticultura
|
2003
|
tom 13
117-122
5
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The structure of some floral elements and the nectar production rate of Polemonium caeruleum L.

100%
Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2010
|
tom 63
|
nr 2
The present study, carried out in the period 2008 – 2009, covered some morphological and anatomical features of the flowers of Polemonium caeruleum L. and their nectar production rate in the climatic conditions of the Lublin region. Observations were made with stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopy. Nectar production in the flowers was determined using the pipette method. The flowers of Polemonium caeruleum develop a calyx covered by an epidermis with numerous non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The secretory trichomes are composed of a several-celled stalk and a four-celled head. At the boundary of the corolla tube and the lobes, there is white colouration with violet nectar guides. The epidermis in this region produces several-celled living trichomes that close the entry into the corolla tube, thereby protecting the nectar accumulated in it. These hairs are at the same time glistening colour attractants for insects. The tripartite stigma of the pistil is covered, from the adaxial side, by unicellular papillae with striated cuticular ornamentation, growing at high density. Around the ovary there is located a nectariferous disc, in the form of a free projection, which secrets nectar with sugar concentration of 29 – 52% and sugar weight ranging 1.1 – 1.8 mg/flower.
6
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Ekologia kwiatów i morfologia ziaren pyłku wybranych odmian narcyzów (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. x Narcissus poëticus L.)

100%
Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2006
|
tom 59
|
nr 1
The investigations carried out in the years 2004-2005 covered five varieties of Narcissus (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. x Narcissus poëticus L.): 'Fire Bird', 'Hardy', 'Ivory Yellow', 'Pomona' and 'The Sun'. Longevity of a flower and the flowering period of the studied Narcissus varieties determined, flower elements were compared, as well as the anatomic structure of ovary and nectary and the morphology of pollen grains. Pollen grains of 'Hardy' and 'The Sun' var. were observed in a scanning electron microscope. The flowering period of 'The Sun' plants appeared to be the longest, while the shortest in the case of 'Fire Bird' and 'Ivory Yellow'. Each perianth of the studied taxons was characterized by a different corolla appendage, from slightly corrugated ('Pomona') to greatly curled, with the notches getting inside and giving impression of a few whort in this part of the perianth ('Ivory Yellow', 'Hardy'). Monosulcate pollen grains with regards to 9 size was numbered among medium ('Pomona', 'The Sun') and large ('Fire Bird', 'Hardy', 'Ivory Yellow'). Their shape was assumed as circular elongated (prolato-spheroides) in polar view and flattened (oblatum) and slightly flat (suboboblatum) in equatorial view. The highest pollen vitality was shown by 'Hardy' variety (92%), whereas for 'The Sun' it proved to be the lowest (22%). In the narcissus flowers, septal nectaries are situated in the upper part of the ovary.
7
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Micromorphology and anatomy of the floral elements of Tradescantia x andersoniana W. Ludw. Rohweder

100%
Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2011
|
tom 64
|
nr 2
The genus Tradescantia comprises about 70 species. In Poland Tradescantia x andersoniana is basically grown as an ornamental plant that is recommended for borders and to be planted around garden ponds. The present study investigated flowering as well as the micromorphological and anatomical features of some floral elements of Tradescantia x andersoniana W. Ludw. Rohweder ‘Karin’. The macro- and micromorphology of the flowers was examined using stereoscopic, light, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spiderwort produces flowers with a diameter of 4.6 – 5 cm, which open early in the morning and close at noon. Non-glandular and glandular hairs grow on the abaxial surface of the calyx and on the apical part of the ovary. The glandular hairs develop a several-celled stalk and a unicellular spherical or elongated head. The staminal filaments produce chain-shaped trichomes. Striate cuticular ornamentation is found on their surface and on the epidermis covering the perianth. The striae on the cells of the stamen hairs run to the two poles of the cell. The pistil develops a wet stigma with unfused unicellular papillae. The cuticle on their surface is smooth, whereas on the style near the stigma it forms dense folds.
8

Zmiany w budowie lodyg trzech gatunkow roslin uprawnych powodowane roznymi stezeniami chlorku olowiu

100%
Chwil M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EEE: Horticultura
|
2001
|
tom 09
49-60
9

The influence of lead on structure of Cucumis sativus L. leaves

100%
Chwil M.
Folia Horticulturae
|
2005
|
tom 17
|
nr 2
10

Wrażliwość trzech gatunków roślin na wzrastające dawki chlorku ołowiu w podłożu

100%
Chwil M.
Biuletyn Magnezologiczny
|
2000
|
tom 05
|
nr 3
135-142
Wartość indeksu tolerancji korzeni badanych roślin zmniejszała się proporcjonalnie do czasu działania i wzrostu stężenia PbCl2. Na podstawie reakcji wzrostowej korzeni określanej indeksem tolerancji stwierdzono, że spośród badanych gatunków największą wrażliwością na stres ołowiowy odznacza się soja, a następnie gorczyca biała, zaś ogórek siewny wykazuje dużą tolerancję. U trzech gatunków roślin eksperymentalnych stwierdzono wyraźną redukcję wzrostu elongacyjnego korzeni głównych.
11
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Flowering biology and nectary structure of Melissa officinalis L.

100%
Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2009
|
tom 62
|
nr 2
The present study on lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) covered flowering biology, monitoring of pollinating insects and floral nectary structure. The micromorphology of epidermal cells of the nectary was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The nectariferous tissues were observed using light microscopy based on semi-thin sections. Lemon balm flowered from the second decade of June until September. Buds opened from early morning hours until noon. Flowers lived for 24 hours, on the average. Their primary pollinator was the honey bee. The beginning of nectar secretion was found to be at the bud swell stage. The automorphic nectary forms a disc with four protrusions at the base of the nectary. Three smaller ones and one larger than the other ones were distinguished among them. No stomata were found on the lower protuberances, whereas on the highest part anomocytic stomata were present, the number of which was 15. The stomata exhibited different development stages and they were situated above other epidermal cells. In their outline, they were ellipsoidally shaped (18 x 23 μm) and they had average-sized cuticular ledges. They produced a smooth cuticle and wax granules. In cross section, the nectary tissues were composed of a singlelayered epidermis and 9 – 11 layers of the nectary parenchyma. Their thickness was 198 μm. In longitudinal section, the height of the nectary was within a range of 354 – 404 μm. The epidermal cells produced thin outer cell walls. Some of them were completely filled with strongly stained cytoplasm, whereas others showed a high degree of vacuolisation. But the nectary parenchyma cells were marked by poorly stained cytoplasm, a large nucleus and vacuolisation of varying degree.
12
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Micromorphology of pollen grains of fruit trees of the genus Prunus

100%
Chwil M.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
|
2015
|
tom 14
|
nr 4
The micromorphological characteristics of the pollen grain sculpture is one of the most important diagnostic traits in plants. Pollen grains in various species of the subfamily Prunoideae are characterized by variations in size, shape and exine sculpture. In the present work, for the first time, the micromorphology of pollen grains of fourteen cultivars from five fruit tree species of the genus Prunus was compared. Morphometric observations and analysis of pollen grains were performed using light and electron scanning microscopy. In terms of size, the pollen grains studied were classified as medium sized and large. Their shape was determined to be prolate, subprolate, or prolate spheroidal. The striae in the exine of P. armeniaca run parallel and can be branched or curved. The sculpture of P. persica grains shows elongated extending paralel regular and irregular striae, dichotomously branched. Regularly arranged, or at places branched, striae are found in the exine of P. avium pollen grains. The ornamentation of P. cerasus grains is composed of elongated striae, sometimes slightly curved or with a tendency to intertwine. The exine of P. domestica grains is characterized by forked, arched striae. The stria thickness differs significantly between cultivars within the species, while the groove width differs only between some species and cultivars. The obtained results on the exine sculpture of pollen grains can be used in the taxonomy of species of the genus Prunus.
13
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Flowering pattern, the structure of nectary surface and nectar secretion in two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L.

100%
Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2007
|
tom 60
|
nr 1
The studies conducted in the years 2003-2004 covered two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L.: var. purpurascens Benth. and var. lactucaefolium I. The flower lifetime, daily flowering pattern, morphology of pollen grains and the abundance of nectar secretion of flowers were compared. The surface of the nectaries of O. basilicum var. lactucaefolium was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The automorphic nectaries of basil formed the following parts: a flat part from the side of the upper lip and a convex part with three protrusions on the opposite side. On the top of two outer protrusions, stomatal areas were located, responsible for nectar secretion. The stomata occurred at the level of other epidermal cells. On the average, nectar contained 42% of sugars. The sugar yield of flowers of var. lactucaefolium was 36% higher than this feature in var. purpurascens. In terms of their size, the pollen grains were rated as medium-sized. Their viability ranged 88-96%. The shape of the pollen grains was described as oblate and suboblate.
14
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Rozwój korzeni grochu zwyczajnego (Pisum sativum L.) w warunkach stresu glinowego i silnego zakwaszenia środowiska

63%
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
1998
|
tom 456
Roots of pea cv. “Cukrowy Iłówiecki” were studied in water cultures using AlCl₃ in following doses: 0, 3, 6, 27 mg Al/dm³ medium (3-weeks course) as well as 0, 6, 27 g Al/dm³ medium (1-week course). Root length measurements were carried out in several terms. There were compared the anatomical structures of top and proximal root zones in a light microscope. The surface of a cap and epidermis were investigated in a scanning electron microscope. Aluminium doses inhibited root elongative growth proportional to the concentrations applied. Root thickness significantly increased at the highest Al levels. Deep outer tissue destructions as well as inner structure distempers like: hypertrophv and cell damage in various root regions were observed.
15

Wplyw wzrastajacych stezen olowiu na wzrost i rozwoj organow bobu [Vicia faba var. major Harz.]

63%
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.
Bibliotheca Fragmenta Agronomica
|
2000
|
tom 08
281-287
16
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Morfologia prezentera pyłkowego i polimorfizm ziaren pyłku Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg.

63%
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2006
|
tom 59
|
nr 2
The study of the structure of the pollen presenter of Taraxacum officinale and morphology of pollen grains was conducted based on plant material sampled from three different sites. One of them was a forest meadow situated away from the city, and the other two were located in the city centre of Lublin. Light and electron scanning microscopy were used in the study. The pollen presenter in Taraxacum officinale occurs at the upper part of the style situated over the androecium and on the outer part of the stigma. Numerous unicellular trichomes are found on the entire surface of the epidermis of the presenter. The function of the presenter consists in transferring pollen grains above the androecium and corolla petals. Its activity does not stop after pollen release from anthers. Taraxacum pollen grains represent the Crepis - type. Most frequently, they are tricolporate, radially symmetric and isopolar. In terms of the size, they are included in medium-sized grains. In the material examined, many deformed and asymmetric grains were observed, though they were marked by high viability at the level of 96.5-99%. Grains with the largest average lengths of the equatorial and polar axes were found in plants sampled from the meadow situated out of town. In the plant material from all sites, grains with disturbances of the external structure occurred.
17

Characteristics of nectaries and nectar in flowers of two Rhododendron species

63%
Chwil M., Weryszko-Chmielewska E.
Journal of Apicultural Science
|
2009
|
tom 53
|
nr 1
18

Characteristics of floral nectary and nectar of common bugloss (Anchusa officinalis L.)

63%
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.
Journal of Apicultural Science
|
2007
|
tom 51
|
nr 2
19
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Structures of Heracleum sosnovskii Manden. stem and leaves releasing photodermatosis-causing substances

63%
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2014
|
tom 67
|
nr 4
In its stems and leaves, Heracleum sosnovskii Manden. contains furanocoumarins, which exert a phototoxic effect on humans. The aim of the investigations was to describe the external secretory structures of the epidermis and internal secretory tissues in organs responsible for emission of secretion that is toxic to human skin. The study was conducted using light and fluorescence microscopy. On the stems and leaves, various types of secretory trichomes with dispersed or deposited secretion were found. The trichomes were most abundant on the abaxial leaf surface. Epidermal cells and the secretion present on the trichomes exhibited intense fluorescence, which may indicate the presence of furanocoumarins in the tissue and trichome secretions.
20
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Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

63%
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2016
|
tom 85
|
nr 1
In Poland Galanthus nivalis L. is partially protected. The flowers of this species are one of the first sources of nectar and pollen for insects from February to April. The aim of this study was to present the flowering biology as well as the topography, anatomical, and ultrastructural features of the floral nectary. The flower lifespan, the breeding system, and the mass of pollen and nectar produced by the flowers were determined. Examination of the nectary structure was performed using light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flower of G. nivalis lives for about 30 days. The stamens and pistils mature simultaneously and during this time nectar is secreted. The anthers of one flower produced the large amount of pollen (4 mg). The breeding system of G. nivalis was found to be characterized by partial self-compatibility, outcrossing, and xenogamy. The nectary is located at the top of the inferior ovary. The nectary epidermal cells are characterized by striated cuticular ornamentation. Initially, the secreted nectar formed vesicle-like protuberances under the cuticle. The epidermal and parenchymal cells contain numerous plastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, ER cisterns, and vesicles fused with the plasmalemma, which indicates granulocrine nectar secretion.
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