An efficient, rapid and large scale propagation of a multipurpose herb, Ocimum basilicum through in vitro culture of nodal segments with axillary buds from mature plants has been accomplished. Among the cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin (Kin) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) tested as supplements to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 5.0 μM BA was optimum in inducing bud break. The highest rate of shoot multiplication was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) combination. The shoots regenerated from TDZ supplemented medium when subcultured to hormone-free MS medium considerably increased the rate of shoot multiplication and shoot length by the end of third subculture. For rooting, MS medium supplemented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) proved to be better than that supplemented with IAA or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The in vitro raised plantlets with well developed shoots and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and were grown in greenhouse with 90% survival rate. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and net photosynthetic rate were measured in leaves during ex vitro acclimatization at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Firstly these parameters showed a decreasing trend but subsequently increased after 7 days of acclimatization. These findings indicate that the adaptation of micropropagated plants to ex vitro conditions is more extended in time than generally accepted.
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