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The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae live cells and S. cerevisiae culture applied during pre- and postpartum periods on production performance, and the metabolic profile in 50 multiparous Holstein cows was measured. The following diets were applied: control diet; control diet + 7 g of S. cerevisiae live cells for 3 weeks pre-partum and 10 weeks postpartum; control diet + 7 g of S. cerevisiae live cells for 3 weeks prepartum; control diets + 60 g of S. cerevisiae culture for 3 weeks prepartum and 10 weeks postpartum, and control diet + 60 g of S. cerevisiae culture for 3 weeks prepartum period. Blood samples were taken 7 d before calving and on days 14 and 56 of lactation and analysed for glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, GGT, and AST. Both preparations had no significant effect on the milk yield and dry matter intake. Concentrations of serum blood metabolites and liver enzymes activity were similar between groups, although glucose tended to be higher on the 14th d of lactation in both groups supplemented with S. cerevisiae culture, while S. cerevisiae live cells elevated serum glucose on the 56th d of lactation in both groups. Two yeast S. cerevisiae preparations were not significantly beneficial to any production or blood parameters in the transition period of dairy cows.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of live yeast culture (LYC) and dehydrated yeast culture (YC) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on fermentation parameters and degradability in the rumen of sheep fed a high- (H-NDF; 56% DM) or low- (L-NDF; 35% DM) NDF diet. Three Polish Merino sheep fitted with ruminal cannulas were used. The effective degradability of maize grain and wheat straw was measured by an in situ procedure. Ruminal pH, ammonia, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and molar percentages of acetate, propionate and butyrate were not modified by the addition of LYC or YC, irrespective of the applied diet. Compared with control (CON) and LYC supplementation of the L-NDF diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the caproate concentration, but in the H-NDF diet, it increased the lactate concentration (P<0.05). In situ rumen NDF degradability of maize grain and wheat straw was not affected by the treatments. When the sheep were fed the H-NDF diet, however, degradability of dry matter maize grain was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the CON group. The results of this study did not confirm the hypothesis that NDF in the diet is the main reason for the considerable inconsistencies in the results of experiments with Saccharomyces cerevisiae products.
The objective of the study was to investigate the metabolic, health and production consequences of selected pre-calving feeding strategies. Forty Polish Holstein-Friesian multiparous dairy cows were dried off at day 56 before parturition and assigned to 2 pre-calving treatments: CON – a 5-week far-off period and a 3-week close-up period, and SHORT – a 7-week far-off period and a 1-week close-up period with a fresh transition diet. Shortening the close-up period had no effect on body condition score during the dry period; however, a tendency to the lowest body condition score (BCS) losses were observed in the SHORT group during the first 56 days of lactation (P = 0.13). Cows from the SHORT group tended to have higher glucose concentration 3 days before calving (P = 0.13). Shortening the close-up period resulted in a higher insulin level (P = 0.04) and lower concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood 28 days after parturition (P = 0.03). Cows from the SHORT group were characterized by a higher concentration of triiodothyronine 3 days before calving (P = 0.03) and tended to have a higher level of thyroxine 5 days after parturition (P = 0.09). A tendency to higher yield of energy corrected milk (P = 0.09) and fat content in milk was observed in the SHORT group (P = 0.11). There were no differences between treatments in terms of reproductive performance. Simplification of the transition period management and shortening of the close-up period led to a positive tendency to increase the yield of energy corrected milk, with no negative effect on the metabolic status and reproductive performance of dairy cows.
The nutritional value of four cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius L. seeds was investigated. The experiment was conducted on 50 male 16-day-old Ross 308 chickens. The birds were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (10 replications each). Digestibility was calculated using the difference method. The basal diet and four diets composed of ground lupin seeds (cv. Sonet, Boruta, Graf or Neptun) and the basal diet at a proportion of 25:75 (w/w) were prepared. The birds were fed the diets starting from day 16; on days 19 and 20 of life, excreta were individually collected, then all chickens were sacrificed and ileal digesta was sampled for determination of ileal digestibility. Ileal dry matter digestibility ranged between 56.8% and 62.5% (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of aspartic acid, proline, alanine, valine, histidine and lysine was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the in vitro water extract viscosity (WEV) of lupin seeds. The apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) ranged from 7.91 to 9.27 MJ · kg–1, the lowest was determined for cv. Graf, the highest for Boruta and Sonet. The Graf cultivar was also characterized by the lowest dry matter ileal and total tract digestibility (P < 0.05). The AMEN of lupin seeds was negatively correlated with WEV (r = –0.67; P < 0.05) and raffinose level (r = –0.72; P < 0.05). The relationship between raffinose content and AMEN was linear (P < 0.05).
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of replacing triticale (high rumen degradable starch) with maize grain (low rumen degradable starch) during the transition period and the first 120 days of lactation on metabolic and hormonal profile indices, milk production and fertility performance in cows. Forty-eight Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into 4 groups: TT (2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from 14 days prepartum to day 120 postpartum), TM (2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to calving, and then 2.5 kg maize grain to 120 days of lactation), MT (2.5 kg maize grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to calving, and then 2.5 kg triticale grain to 120 days of lactation), MM (2.5 kg maize grain/cow per day supplemented from 14 days prepartum to day 120 postpartum). Blood samples were collected 3 weeks and 1 week before calving and on days 14, 56 and 70 of lactation, and they were analyzed in terms of concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor I, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. Milk samples were collected twice a day at weekly intervals and analyzed for fat, protein and lactose. Milk yield and individual dry mater intake were recorded at weekly intervals. Body condition was estimated 3 weeks before calving, on parturition day and on days 14, 56 and 120 of lactation. Replacing triticale grain with maize grain in the transition period and during lactation positively affected fertility of lactating cows. An increased first service conception rate and shortening of the days open period was observed in MM and TM groups in comparison to those found in group MT (P ≤ 0.05). The lowest number of services per conception was recorded in groups MM and TM (P ≤ 0.05). Although the impact of milk production and the most of the blood indices were not significantly affected by this treatment, the results of the study suggest that maize grain in the transition period and lactation might be a more effective energy source for dairy cows than triticale grain.
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