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Despite its numerous advantages, garlic chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) remains a species that is little known of and therefore underestimated in Poland. Cultivation requirements of garlic chives in the climatic conditions of West Pomerania have long been studied at the Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. An example of such research is the experiment, conducted in 2007-2009, whose aim was to determine the effect of blanching two-year old garlic chives plants on the yield of dry matter and the macro- and micronutrient content. Control plants were non-blanched, two-year old plants. Each year, on 10th April, the seeds were sown directly in a field, 5 seeds per point, 30 x 20 cm apart. The plants were blanched by being covered with low plastic tunnels coated with one or two layers of black nonwoven polypropylene fabric. Blanched leaves were collected 4 weeks after installing the tunnels. Field experiments were established and carried out at the Vegetable Research Station in Dołuje (near Szczecin), and chemical analyses were performed at the Regional Chemical and Agricultural Station in Szczecin. The highest content of phosphorus and total nitrogen was found in the leaves blanched under a double layer of nonwoven fabric, as compared to non-blanched plants. An opposite trend was observed for potassium and calcium. The highest content of these macronutrients was noticed in non-blanched leaves of garlic chives. No significant effect of blanching was found regarding the leaf content of magnesium and sulphur. The highest level of copper was reported in non-blanched leaves, and the leaves covered with a double layer of nonwoven fabric were the richest in iron. The lowest content of zinc was found in the leaves blanched under one layer and the lowest level of manganese in those blanched under two layers of black nonwoven fabric.
W latach 2002-2005 przeprowadzono badania, w których oceniono zawartość cukrów ogółem, cukrów redukujących, kwasu pirogronowego oraz barwników chlorofilowych w plonie szczypiorku czosnkowego w zależności od wieku roślin. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań stwierdzono, że wiek roślin szczypiorku czosnkowego nie wpłynął jednoznacznie na zawartość w liściach cukrów ogółem, natomiast wyraźnie różnicował zawartość cukrów redukujących, których ilość malała wraz z wiekiem roślin. Istotnie najwięcej barwników chlorofilowych zawierały liście jednorocznego szczypiorku czosnkowego. Największą zawartością kwasu pirogronowego, decydującego o ostrości warzyw cebulowych (9,22 μmol∙g-1) charakteryzował się jednoroczny, a najmniejszą (4,42 μmol∙g-1) dwuletni szczypiorek czosnkowy.
W latach 2002-2005 przeprowadzono doświadczenia polowe, których celem było określenie wpływu metody uprawy oraz liczby sadzonej rozsady lub wysiewanych nasion w gnieździe na wielkość i jakość plonu szczypiorku czosnkowego. Ocenie poddano rośliny w pierwszym, drugim i trzecim roku uprawy. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników wykazano, że plon ogółem jednorocznego i dwuletniego szczypiorku czosnkowego był istotnie większy przy uprawie roślin z siewu nasion wprost na pole, w porównaniu z uprawą z rozsady. Natomiast plon trzyletniego szczypiorku czosnkowego był istotnie większy w wyniku uprawy z rozsady. Największy plon jednorocznego i dwuletniego szczypiorku czosnkowego uprawianego z siewu nasion bezpośrednio na pole otrzymano w przypadku siewu 15 sztuk nasion w gnieździe, a uprawianego z rozsady przy sadzeniu 5 roślin w gnieździe. Nie wykazano istotnego współdziałania między metodą uprawy, a liczbą wysiewanych nasion lub sadzonej rozsady w gnieździe na wielkość plonu trzyletniego szczypiorku czosnkowego. Zawartość suchej masy i kwasu L-askorbinowego w szczypiorku czosnkowym była uzależniona od wieku roślin. Istotnie najwięcej suchej masy zawierały liście roślin jednorocznych, a najmniej trzyletnich. Istotnie więcej kwasu L- askorbinowego oznaczono w liściach jednorocznych i dwuletnich szczypiorku czosnkowego.
The influence of three factors: sowing date (l0th April, 25th April, 10th May), sowing rate (4, 6, and 8 kg × ha-1), and row spacing (20, 25, and 30 cm), on the quantity and quality of yield of Welsh onion ‘Sprint’ was examined in the experiment. The highest total and marketable yield were obtained when seeds were sown on 25th April. An increase in sowing rates resulted in a significant increase of yield. The highest total and marketable yield were obtained at a sowing rate of 8 kg × ha-1. However, significantly greater total and marketable yield were obtained at a row distance of 20 cm. Dry matter content in Welsh onion yield depended significantly on the sowing date and the part of the plant. Plants obtained from seeds sown on 10th May contained the highest content of dry matter. Significantly more dry matter was in the pseudostems than in the leaves of Welsh onion. However, higher L-ascorbic acid content was estimated in the leaves. Welsh onion obtained from the earliest sowing date (10th April) contained significantly the most reducing sugars. Welsh onion obtained from seeds sown on 25th April was characterized by the highest content of pyruvic acid.
Crocosmia (Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora) is an exceptionally attractive and interesting ornamental plant. Numerous varieties of this species have been produced, however, the information concerning their requirements and cultivation conditions is lacking. The study was conducted in the field conditions in the years 2008–2010. The plant material included corms of four crocosmia cultivars: ‘Emily McKenzie’, ‘Lucifer’, ‘Mars’, and ‘Meteor’. The corms were planted on 15th April, 5th May and 25th May. The number of days from the beginning of sprouting until the end of flowering was established, and measurements of vegetative and generative traits were performed during cultivation. Corm yield was determined at the end of the cultivation period. It was found that delaying the planting time resulted in accelerated sprouting of the corms. Irrespective of the cultivar, the plants grown from the corms planted on 5th May were the first, and those planted on 25th May – the last to bloom. The corm planting time affected vegetative and generative features of the crocosmia plants. The plants grown from the corms planted on 5th and 25th May were higher, had more shoots and leaves on the main shoots. The plants grown from the corms planted on 5th May were characterized by the longest main inflorescence shoots and flowers of larger diameter than the plants grown from the corms planted on 15th April and 25th May. Cultivar-specific features largely determined the vegetative and generative traits. The plants of ‘Emily McKenzie’ cultivar were characterized by the longest main inflorescence shoots and the largest flower diameter, but they produced the lowest number of inflorescence shoots and flowers per main inflorescence spike. The study showed that earlier planting time (15th April and 5th May) resulted in higher coefficient of weight and number increase of the new corms, but it did not affect the coefficient of total corm weight increase, as compared to the delayed planting time (25th May).
In terms of turnover value on the global wholesale flower markets, freesia has been for many years in the top ten of cut flowers. Achieving high quality inflorescences in a cultivation center without cooling the substrate is a huge challenge for the producers. The study was conducted in the years 2010–2012, during the summer-autumn season in an unheated foil tunnel. The material consisted of prepared daughter corms of ‘Summer Beach’ variety. Chitosan of 8 000 g∙dm-3 molecular weight was used in the research. Chitosan application methods (watering or spraying), its concentration (0.0; 0.2 or 0.4%), and application frequency (every 7 or 14 days) were compared experimentally. During the experiment, the number of days from the beginning of sprouting until the end of flowering was determined, and the vegetative and generative organs were evaluated. The yield of daughter corms was assessed after the end of the cultivation. High temperatures prevalent in the time of generative organ formation prolonged the flowering period of ‘Summer Beach’ freesia but the inflorescences were typical and characteristic of the variety. The effect of chitosan depended also on the temperature during the cultivation. Irrespective of chitosan application method, its concentration and frequency of treatment, its presence delayed freesia heading at higher temperatures and accelerated the process at lower temperatures. Chitosan caused an increase in freesia height, number of generated shoots and leaves and leaf greenness index. It positively affected the quality of the resulting inflorescences. However, this effect was concentration and application dependent. Moreover, chitosan increased the ratio of daughter corm formation and total ratio of corm number and mass, and reduced the ratio of daughter corm mass gain.
Freesia grown under cover to be marketed as cut flower is highly sensitive to substrate temperatures exceeding 15–18°C. However, freesia varieties of Beach group are especially attractive plants that may be easily cultivated under cover and do not require substrate cooling. Experiments were conducted in summer and fall of 2011 and 2012 in an unheated plastic tunnel. Planting material consisted of daughter bulbs of ‘Summer Beach’ freesia. The plants were treated with chitosan with a molecular weight of 8000 g∙dm–3. Experimental variants involved methods of chitosan application (watering vs. spraying), its concentration (0.2 vs. 0.4%) and frequency of application (7 vs. 14 days). During the flowering period and at the end of vegetation, freesia leaves were collected to determine the content of following micro- and macronutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe. The leaves collected at the end of vegetation season contained more P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn than those collected during flowering. The content of Mg and Cu was similar in both cases, but N level was lower at the end of vegetation. Irrespective of experimental variant, leaves of all plants treated with chitosan accumulated more N, P, Ca, Cu, Fe and Mn and less Zn during the entire vegetation season than the control ones. At the end of the vegetation season, plants sprayed with chitosan revealed higher concentration of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn, and lower concentration of K, Cu, and Mn than those watered with the investigated compound. No clear patterns of micro- and macronutrient accumulation depending on chitosan concentration were observed. Plants treated with 0.2% chitosan contained more P, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn than those exposed to its two times higher concentration. A contrary response was observed for the leaf accumulation of N and Fe.
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