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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of hormonal stimulation during the mating season on reproduction performance in American mink females and a selection of both the hormonal formulation and its dosage. The study involved one-year old Pearl females of mink (Neovison vison). The females received one of two hormonal formulations, F1 or F2, with a single injection administered 24 hours before planned mating. The formulations contained: (F1) a pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue, and (F2) freeze-dried, crystalline serum gonadotropin (PMSG) of a strong FSH- and LH-like effect. Each formulation was administered in three dosage levels. The hormonal stimulation applied 24 hours before the planned mating significantly reduced the number of sterile females, also brought a significant increase in the average litter size, from 1.05 to 1.35 kits, and in the average number of live births, from 1.03 to 1.98. Of the two formulations tested, the analogue of pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone (F1) at a dose of 36 IU proved to be the most effective; its application allowed attaining the highest reproductive parameters. Using hormonal stimulation of the female mink during the mating can be effectively put into practice on the farm and may in consequence improve the profitability of the production cycle.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of litter size at birth on offspring raising and an attempt to establish the litter size that would be optimal for the nursing process. We analysed litters of 390 one-year-old females of three color types: Black Velvet (or short NAP), Hedlund White, and Silverblue. Each study group comprised 130 mink. Within each group, we analysed the litter size and birth and the number of pups that survived until the age of seven days. Also percentage proportion of various classes of litter sizes is given and survival rate (in percentage) of pups in each litter has been calculated. The analysis reveals that if litter sizes comprise 10–11 pups, most of them will not be properly nursed, and as few as 2 to 6 pups have a chance to survive in many of such large litters; only in Black Velvet femals, the decline in litter size was to 9 pups, on average. An interesting fact also is that females that give birth to a single pup often do not raise it at all. The presented analysis leads to a conclusion that litters of 2 to 9 pups are best in terms of nursing success, with apparent differences resulting from the color type.
The experiment was aimed to observe the behavior of ranch American mink females during the breeding season. The study was conducted on a group of 11 females of the color type Pearl, which were admitted to a male each day during the 13-day mating period. Each successful mating was noted, which allowed the capture the length of naturally variable intervals between mating encounters, and the number of copulations throughout the breeding season. In addition, the following reproductive parameters were determined: the length of pregnancy, total litter size at birth, live births per litter, and litter size at weaning. Based on the survey it was found that if mated daily, most females were prone to have a natural 3-5-day break during the breeding season. We found that the sexual activity of the female mink was very high, and that most of the females mated eight or nine times over the entire period.
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