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Risk factors, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and self-reported symptoms of pesticide intoxication among farmers in Thailand: a cross-sectional study

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Sombatsawat E., Siriwong W., Puangthongthub S.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

2023

tom 74

nr 1

Background. Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides are widely used, and their adverse health effects remain a serious problem. Objectives. This investigation aimed to describe risk factors, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and self-reported symptoms and to derive an association between influence factors and erythrocyte AChE inhibition among farmers in Thailand. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 farmers from August to October 2022. General characteristics and pesticide exposure factors were elicited via a questionnaire-based interview. The erythrocyte AChE inhibition was assessed using the EQM Test-mate Cholinesterase (Model 400) instrument. Data were presented descriptively and analyzed statistically using Chi-square and binary logistic regression. Results. Most farmers were over 50 years old and had an abnormal body mass index (BMI) without alcohol consumption and smoking. Aprons (18.31%) and protective eyewear (12.68%) as personal protective equipment (PPE) were found to be used less often. The level of hemoglobin-adjusted erythrocyte AChE (Q) was considered normal when it was 59.15% and abnormal when it was 40.85%. Self-reported symptoms were confirmed to be associated with lower erythrocyte AChE levels. The Chi-square analysis showed that shortness of breath, irritation, headache, dizziness, sleep fragmentation, and memory problems were significantly associated with erythrocyte AChE (p < 0.05). The bivariate analysis revealed that farmers who consumed alcohol while using pesticides (mixing, loading, and spraying) (OR=35.821, 95% CI=4.591– 279.490), who did not wear a mask while using pesticides (OR=11.898, 95% CI=1.061–133.440), and who did not wear boots while using pesticides (OR=0.166, 95% CI=0.031–0.890) had an increased likelihood of having a severe inhibition of erythrocyte AChE. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the promotion of risk prevention practices must be imposed on appropriate pesticide handling and PPE use among farmers.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

1 Puangthongthub S.

1 Siriwong W.

1 Sombatsawat E.

1 2023

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Risk factors, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and self-reported symptoms of pesticide intoxication among farmers in Thailand: a cross-sectional study