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1

Loss of mGluR5 receptors on dopamine D1-expressing neurons abolishes novelty-seeking behaviours

100%
Sikora M., Rodriguez J., Przewlocki R.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2011
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tom 71
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nr S
High novelty seeking behaviour has been suggested to be related to altered dopaminergic activity, however the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we investigate how glutamatergic modulation of dopaminoceptive neurons affects novelty seeking in a mouse model with selective knock down of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in neurons expressing D1 receptors. Mutant mice (mGluR5KD-D1) displayed normal habituation to a novel environment (time F3.84=11.33; p<0.0001, genotype F4.86=1.29; p=0.2661). When a novel object was placed in the middle of the open field apparatus mGluR5KD-D1 mice spent significantly less time interacting with it compared to wild-type controls (t=28.39; p=0.0095). Moreover, mGluR5KD-D1 mice showed no operant sensation seeking behaviour. While over subsequent training sessions wild-type animals gradually increased the number of operant responses associated with presentation of a light and noise, mutant mice showed no such behaviour (two-way ANOVA for active lever: genotype F1.90=22.06; p=0.001; session F10.90=4.5; p<0.0001; genotype × session F10.90=1.963; p=0.04). Decreased operant sensation seeking was not assosiated with higher anxiety as assessed by the elevated plus maze. Finally, mGluR5KD-D1 mice exhibited normal operant responding for food as a reinforcer (two-way ANOVA for active lever: genotype F1.45=0.93; p=0.359; session F5.45=19.09; p<0.0001; genotype × session F5.45=0.13; p=0.985). In conclusion, these results indicate mGluR5 receptors located on dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons are essential in novelty-seeking behaviour.
2

Breeding biology and fledgling survival in a Carrion Crow Corvus corone population of southern Spain: a comparison of group and pair breeder

100%
Roldan M., Martin-Galvez D., Rodriguez J., Soler M.
Acta Ornithologica
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2013
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tom 48
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nr 2
Cooperative breeding is not common among birds, although its frequency is relatively high within the Corvidae family. We study the effect of group breeding on the reproductive biology of the Carrion Crow Corvus corone, a species that was usually described as non-cooperative. Our study population is located at the southern limit of the distribution of the species, which confers special characteristics to its breeding biology. Early breeders had a significantly larger clutch size and produced a higher number of fledglings. Replacement clutches were very rare and always unsuccessful, contrary to what happens in other European Carrion Crow populations. More than half of the breeding attempts (66.1%) in our study area showed cooperative breeding but it had only a significant effect on laying date — group-breeding females laid eggs significantly earlier than did pair-breeding females. We also explored brood parasitism by Great Spotted Cuckoos Clamator glandarius on the reproductive success of Carrion Crows. Brood parasitism reduced the number of both hatched nestlings and fledglings. However, group-breeding and pair-breeding nests had similar probabilities of being parasitized. Finally, we also examined the effect of some meteorological variables on the breeding performance of Carrion Crows. The average precipitation during the nestling period was positively related with number of fledglings raised.
3
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Eocene and not Cretaceous origin of spider wasps: fossil evidence from amber

88%
Rodriguez J., Waichert C., Von Dohlen C. D., Poinar,Jr. G., Pitts J. P.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2016
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tom 61
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nr 1
Spider wasps had long been proposed to originate in the Late Cretaceous based on the Burmese amber fossil Bryopompilus interfector. We performed a morphological examination of this fossil and determined that it does not belong to Pompilidae or any other described hymenopteran family. Instead, we place it in the new family Bryopompilidae. The oldest verifiable member of the Pompilidae is from Baltic amber, which suggests that the crown group of the family probably originated in the Eocene, not in the Late Cretaceous as previously proposed. The origin of spider wasps appears to be correlated with an increase in spider familial diversity in the Cenozoic. We also add two genera to the extinct pompilid fauna: Tainopompilus Rodriguez and Pitts gen. nov. and Paleogenia Waichert and Pitts gen. nov., and describe three new species of fossil spider wasps: Anoplius planeta Rodriguez and Pitts sp. nov., from Dominican amber (Burdigalian to Langhian); Paleogenia wahisi Waichert and Pitts sp. nov., from Baltic amber (Lutetian to Priabonian); and Tainopompilus argentum Rodriguez and Pitts sp. nov., from Dominican amber (Chattian to Langhian).
4

Microsatellite loci-based distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes from Chilean chronic Chagas disease patients and Triatoma infestans is concordant with a specific host-parasite association hypothesis

51%
Venegas J., Diaz F., Rojas T., Miranda S., Jercic M. I., Gonzalez C., Conoepan W., Vargas A., Pichuantes S., Gajardo M., Rodriguez J., Sanchez G.
Acta Parasitologica
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2013
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tom 58
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nr 2
The objective of this study was to investigate if there is specific host-parasite association in Chilean populations of Trypanosoma cruzi. For this purpose, two groups of parasites were analyzed, one from chronic chagasic patients, and the other from Triatoma infestans triatomines in three regions of the country. The first group consisted of four types of samples: parasites from peripheral blood of non-cardiopathic T. cruzi infected patients (NB); parasites from their corresponding xenodiagnosis (NX); parasites from peripheral blood of T. cruzi infected cardiopathic patients (CB) and parasites from their xenodiagnostics (CX). The T. infestans sample in turn was from three regions: III, V and M (Metropolitan). The genetic differentiation by the Fisher exact method, the lineage distribution of the samples, the molecular phylogeny and the frequency of multiclonality were analysed. The results show that not only are the groups of T. cruzi clones from Chagas disease patients and vectors genetically differentiated, but also all the sub-groups (NB, NX, CB and CX) from the III, V and M regions. The analysis of lineage distribution was concordant with the above results, because significant differences among the percentages of TcI, TcIII and hybrids (TcV or TcVI) were observed. The phylogenetic reconstruction with these Chilean T. cruzi samples was coherent with the above results because the four chagasic samples clustered together in a node with high bootstrap support, whereas the three triatomine samples (III, V and M) were located apart from that node. The topology of the tree including published T. cruzi clones and isolates was concordant with the known topology, which confirmed that the results presented here are correct and are not biased by experimental error. Taken together the results presented here are concordant with a specific host-parasite association between some Chilean T. cruzi populations.
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