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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of feeding naturally contaminated diet with Fusarium mycotoxins with or without yeast cell wall (YCW) on growth, vulva size, serum protein chemistry and organ weights of gilts. Forty gilts (8.33 ± 0.96 kg) were fed for 30 days four different diets: 1. control, 2. naturally contaminated diet (NCD), 3. naturally contaminated diet + 0.10% YCW, 4. naturally contaminated diet + 0.25% YCW. After 30 days of feeding with NCD diet average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio, final body weight, serum albumin concentration and relative weight of liver were reduced (P < 0.05) in comparison to control group. In contrast, vulva size and relative weight of genital organs were increased (P < 0.05) by mycotoxins. The 0.25% YCW addition diminished the NCD negative effect on ADG, albumin concentration, and liver and genital organs weights throughout 30 days (P < 0.05). The lower YCW addition reversed only the negative effect of mycotoxins on liver weight. The vulva length was decreased by higher YCW dose but only at day 12. The addition of YCW could not ameliorate the enlarged vulva width and vulva area caused by mycotoxins. Based on the obtained results, it was showed that Fusarium mycotoxins lead to pernicious effects for gilts, but YCW addition to the diet can to some extent effectively ameliorate these detrimental mycotoxins effects.
Our study assessed the non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in the sources of drinking water treatment plants located along Huaihe River in Jiangsu Province, China. High-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy were used to determine the levels of eight metals in the water from 30 treatment plants. Non-carcinogenic risks induced by the metals were assessed using the methods recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States. Among the metals, Fe had the highest concentration and Pb contributed most to the average hazard index (HI) of 30 TWTPs. Except Pb, each metal had an average concentration below the permissible limit of China and the United States. The induced non-carcinogenic risks showed temporal and spatial variations. This study revealed that the metals in the tap water induced negligible public health risks for local residents.
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