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Based on an external nitrogen source NH₄NO₃, the impacts of different nitrogen deposition treatments (i.e., CK, N5, N10, and N15) on the growth of the A. tauschii and its competition with wheat were investigated. This experiment was conducted in pots using simulated N deposition tests. The results showed that: (1) the plant height, leaf area, and tiller number of both monocultured and mixed planted A. tauschii and wheat increased gradually with increasing nitrogen deposition. In the same nitrogen deposition treatment, the tiller number of A. tauschii was significantly higher than that of wheat. (2) In both monoculture and mixed planting pots, the root biomass and root–crown ratios of A. tauschii to wheat decreased with increasing nitrogen deposition. However, the leaf–biomass ratio of the former showed a gradual increasing trend with increasing nitrogen deposition. (3) Under monoculture and mixed planting modes, the chlorophyll content of A. tauschii increased consistently with increasing nitrogen deposition, but the chlorophyll content of wheat first increased and then decreased. Moreover, the SOD activity, relative conductivity, and MDA content of A. tauschii and wheat constantly increased with increasing nitrogen deposition. (4) In the mixed planting pots, the relative yield of A. tauschii was > 1. The competition balance index of this plant was > 0 and increased with increasing nitrogen deposition. In a nutshell, the ability of A. tauschii to compete with wheat is gradually enhanced with increasing nitrogen deposition; and its adaptability to high nitrogen stress surpasses that of the latter.
Day length is an important environmental factor affecting the growth and development of maize (Zea mays), a short day (SD) plant grown in different latitudes. Leaf has been recognized as the light perceiving and signal producing organ. Under long day (LD) conditions, photoperiod- sensitive induction phase in maize begins at the fourth fully expanded leaf stage. However, the changes of maize leaf proteome in response to LD are largely unknown. To reveal maize proteome response to LD, proteins extracted from newly expanded fifth, sixth and seventh leaves from maize inbred line 496-10 (photoperiod sensitive) and Huangzao4 (HZ4, photoperiod insensitive) under LD treatments were compared via gel-based proteomic approach. As a result, eleven differentially expressed proteins were identified between 496-10 and HZ4 by mass spectrometry. This difference in protein accumulation was highly reproducible during the fifth to seventh leaf stages and most obvious at the seventh leaf stage. The identified proteins are mainly involved in circadian clock or iron metabolism, light harvesting and photosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism and carbon fixation or energy metabolism. This study provides new insight into the influences of LD treatment on SD plants, such as maize, at proteome level.
Climate change continuously threatens sustainable development. As the largest energy consumer and carbon emitter in the world, China is facing increasing pressure to cut carbon emissions. Based on Moran’s index I and geographically weighted regression, this paper investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and the dominating factors of China’s province-level carbon intensity in the construction industry from 2005 to 2014, which is aimed at providing a scientific basis for government while implementing a regional-oriented carbon emissions reduction strategy. The empirical results are shown as follows. Firstly, carbon intensity in the construction industry of each province has been decreasing in the past 10 years. Secondly, provincial carbon intensity in this sector shows significant positive spatial autocorrelation characteristics and the degree of spatial clustering of carbon intensity tended to weaken in this period. Third, according to the analysis of the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, carbon intensity is positively affected by energy intensity while the labor input and production efficiency both have negative effect. Particularly the regression coefficient of labor input is almost twice as large as the other two factors. The results reveal that there is a significant spatial disparity of these three factors in different provinces.
We tested the seed loss of five dominant species in the Loess Plateau region under varied rainfall intensity and soil surface conditions. The runoff rate, sediment yield, seed loss rate, and seed displacement distance were investigated. The result indicated that the seed loss rate increases with rain intensity enhanced, or the rainfall duration prolonged even with low intensity. The grass, and grass and hoof prints on the slope can reduce seed loss under high rainfall intensity. The spotted individual grass and the hoof prints can enhance soil erosion by changing the path of overland flow and increasing seed loss at the low rainfall intensity compared with the bare slope.
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