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There are some taxonomic uncertainties within the Turkish members of Satureja. It is extremely difficult to distinguish some Satureja species because of their great morphological similarity. Satureja species are used as herbal teas and spices, and for this reason they are important commercial and medicinal plants. In this study, the leaf anatomy and hair features of species were examined by LM and SEM. The investigated species can be divided into two main groups, as bifacial and equifacial leaves according to mesophyll structure. They can be secondarily divided into two types based on the midrib region in cross section, as projecting or nonprojecting. Thirdly, two main vascular bundle types can be identified in transverse section according to the presence or absence of sclerenchyma. All species have glandular, peltate and capitate, and nonglandular hairs and diacytic stomata, but the covering hairs differ between species. The leaves of fifteen Satureja L. species were studied in order to assess anatomical variations that may serve as distinguishing characters, and to evaluate their significance for the taxonomy of the genus.
The study investigated the aetiology and treatment of cattle with symptoms of lameness, stiff gait and bone fractures in the Van region of Turkey. The study was performed on 200 diseased and 50 healthy cattle aged between 1-8 years old, of both sexes. Blood samples for haematological and biochemical analysis were taken once from the healthy animals and twice from the diseased animals. Fodder samples were also collected. Total protein levels and P values of the diseased animals before treatment compared to the healthy control animals were lower while ALP and Ca were higher. After treatment an increase in the total protein (P < 0.05) and P (P < 0.001) was observed, and a decrease in ALP (P < 0.001), and Ca (P < 0.05). Phosphorus concentrations in the fodder of the diseased animals were significantly lower. Analysis of the haematological, biochemical parameters of the animals and their fodder showed typical changes for hypophosphataemia. The diseased animals were treated by receiving unorganic P and vitamin D₃ injected intramuscularly and mineral suplementation which was administered orally. The animals were observed for 30 days. After treatment, the symptoms observed in the diseased animals disappeared gradually as well as pica symptoms. Supplementing P to the animal’s fodder is vital in order to avoid such problems in the future.
This study was carried out to determine the levels of various cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, lactoferrin, and fibrinogen) in pneumonic calves, to reveal changes in these parameters depending on etiologic factors (bacterial, viral, bacterial + viral) in calf pneumonia, and to determine whether these parameters could be used for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The study was carried out on a total of 50 calves consisting of 10 healthy and 40 pneumonic animals aged 1 to 6 months. The pneumonic calves were classified into three groups: bacterial, viral and mixed (bacterial + viral). It was found that the levels of IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and TNF-α were statistically higher in the pneumonic calves than in the control group animals. It was found that the increase in levels of Serum IL-6, IL-8, and CRP were highest in the mixed infection group (bacterial + viral) and lowest in the virally infected group. Similarly, serum levels of Hp, CRP, SAA, α-1-AGP, and LF were found to be more statistically significant (P <0.01) in the infected calves than in the control group animals, but changes in fibrinogen levels were not statistically significant. Although the TP and ALB levels in the pneumonic calves were numerically higher than the same parameters in the control group, this was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). As a result, this study showed that serum levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins (Hp, CRP, SAA, α-1-AGP, and LF) are significantly higher in the pneumonic calves than in the control group calves. Furthermore, the assessment of cytokine and acute phase protein levels can play an important role in the early diagnosis of calf pneumonia. This early diagnosis can help prevent deaths caused by pneumonia, which is the leading cause of major losses, and can also be helpful in the early treatment of pneumonia in the veterinary clinical field.
The aim of the study was to investigate the importance of ADA serum and its isoenzyme activity in diagnosing white muscle disease in lambs. The animal material used in the study was forty seven Akkaraman lambs - twenty seven of which had clinical signs of white muscle disease (white muscle disease group) and twenty healthy lambs (control group). Blood samples were taken and Se levels, CK, LDH, AST, ADA and ADA izoenzyme activity were determined. Following this, the animals in the white muscle disease group received 1 mg sodium selenit + 60 mg vitamin E intramuscularly as a single dose. Fourteen days following sodyum selenit + vitamin E application blood samples were again taken and the same analysis repeated. Apart from ADA2 activity, other enzyme activities were significantly high (p<0.001), and serum Se concentrations were significantly low (p<0.001) in animals of the white muscle disease group compared to the control group. When the parameters obtained from the white muscle disease group were compared before and after treatment it was indicated that all enzyme parameters decreased significantly (p<0.001) after treatment. On the other hand, serum Se concentration increased (p<0.01) after treatment in the diseased group. The results confirm that determining ADA serum and its isoenzymes, together with CK, LDH and AST values seems to be useful in diagnosing white muscle disease.
The present study was performed on Turkish Van cats with tail gland hyperplasia in order to determine changes in some hormone levels and biochemical parameters. Animal material consisted of 18 male Van cats of between 2-8 years of age, 12 with tail gland hyperplasia and 6 unaffected cats as the control group. Following routine clinical examination, hormone levels and biochemical parameters were measured by obtaining blood samples, and biopsy samples were obtained from the region and examined under a light microscope. When compared with the control group, testosterone levels were high although the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Similarly, no statistical significance was found between the groups in terms of other hormones. Among the hormonal parameters, the only remarkable increase was seen in the testosterone level. Among biochemical parameters, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), cholesterol and triglyceride levels were statistically different, while other biochemical parameters were not statistically significant. While AST and cholesterol results were increased, ALP and triglyceride levels were decreased. As a result, we conclude that the disease is an important problem which occurs extensively in mature male Van cats, particularly during and after mating periods. We also conclude that the disease might be associated with an increase in testosterone levels. Presenting this study is beneficial as there are limited reports about this disease in cats. This is the first study presenting tail gland hyperplasia with some hormonal levels and biochemical parameters in male Van cats.
An acquired megaoesophagus in a calf has been described. The diagnosis of megaoesophagus was made based on clinical and laboratory examinations, using contrast radiography, and necropsy findings. Atropine sulphate was used to enlighten the relationship between damage in the N. vagus and bradycardia, which developed in the megaoesophagus case.
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