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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of highly selenized yeast (SeY) or selenate (SeVI) on fatty acids (FA) profiles in musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) and musculus biceps femoris (MBF) of male lambs. Lambs, divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each, were individually penned and fed for 35 days control diet containing 2% rapeseed oil (RO), 1% fish oil (FO) and 0.1% carnosic acid (CA) or experimental diets with additional 0.35 mg Se as SeY (the organic Se-form) or SeVI (the inorganic Se-form) per kg of the control diet. In lambs fed SeVI diet body weight gain after 21 and 35 days of feeding was increased; whereas in lambs fed SeY diet increased concentrations of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and the sums of atherogenic saturated fatty acids (SFA), thrombogenics SFA and all FA in MLD and MBF were noted. The content of t11C18:1 in MLD and MBF and was higher in lambs fed SeY and SeVI diets but the concentration of sum of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in MLD was decreased in comparison to the control group. The sum of conjugated linoleic acid isomers (ΣCLA) content in MLD was higher in SeY group in comparison to the control group. In both examined groups ΣCLA content in MBF was higher in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, the addition of inorganic or organic Se-chemical form into lambs’ feed based on RO, FO and CA differently modifies body weight gains as well as FA profile in examined muscles.
A selective and sensitive method based on derivatization with 2-thiobarbituric acid and ultra-fast liquid chromatographic separation is described for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) in chicken liver, muscles and adipose tissue, and in lard and fish oil. Preparation of samples involves acid hydrolysis and derivatization. Separation is achieved using an Accucore C18-column (2.6 μm, Hydro-RP, 150×3.0 mm), an acetonitrile gradient in water, and detection at 530 nm. The results indicate that external calibration based on standard solutions of MDA may be used for measuring the MDA concentration in adipose tissue, lard and fish oil due to the absence of matrix effects. The MDA concentration in protein-rich biological samples should be calculated as the difference between the MDA concentration measured in MDA-spiked and unspiked samples of the same specimen and mass and the known concentration of the MDA spike. For liver or muscle samples, we suggest using external calibration based on standard solutions of MDA added to the same mass of liver or muscles. The proposed method is suitable for rapid and sensitive analysis of MDA in samples of animal origin or in plant oils. The method can also be suitable for routine evaluation of oxidative stress in animal tissues and oxidative stability of biological materials and animal products
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the addition for 6 weeks of 12 ppm lycopene (Lyc), 2% fish oil (FO) and/or 0.25 ppm Se as selenate (SeVI) or selenized yeast (SeY) to an isoenergetic and isonitrogenous basal ration containing sunflower oil (SO) as the source of energy on the liveweight (LW) and feed intake per kg body weight gain of pullets and cockerels. The effects of these additives on the concentrations of fatty acids (FA), especially mono- (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) acids, and the yield of PUFA peroxidation (oxidative stress) in breast muscles of chickens were also investigated. Feeding broilers with the experimental rations slightly increased the live body weight of chickens compared with the controls. The ration containing SeY, Lyc, and FO most effectively increased the LW of cockerels, while that of pullets was most efficiently increased by the ration enriched in SeY and Lyc, irrespective of the presence of extra FO. SeY in the ration with Lyc most efficiently elevated feed conversion efficiency (FCE), while SeVI in the ration containing Lyc most effectively decreased FCE. The addition of SeVI to the ration enriched in Lyc significantly elevated the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA), MUFA, and PUFA in muscles of pullets and, especially, cockerels in comparison with all other examined groups. In contrast, FO added to the ration containing Lyc, irrespective of the presence of SeVI or SeY, decreased the muscle sum of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, and increased the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in muscles of chickens compared with the control and all other experimental groups. FO added to the ration, regardless of the presence of SeVI or SeY, elevated the value of the long-chain n-3 PUFAto-SFA ratio and significantly decreased the values of the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio in muscles of pullets and cockerels. The ration containing Lyc and SeVI most efficiently increased the value of the PUFA/SFA ratio in the muscles of pullets and, especially, cockerels. The ration containing FO and Lyc most significantly increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscles of pullets and, in particular, cockerels, while addition of SeVI or SeY to the ration enriched in FO and Lyc most considerably decreased the concentration of MDA in breast muscles compared with the control and all other experimental groups. We propose an MDA index (calculated as: MDAindex = (MDA+PUFA)/ PUFA) as an original indicator of PUFA peroxidation in tissues of living organisms. Our results of feeding diets with Lyc, FO, and Se as SeVI or SeY constitute useful information for nutritionists carrying out investigations to improve chicken performance and the nutritional quality of feed, as well as to improve the nutritive value of chicken meat from the aspect of human health.
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