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  1. 25 Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

  2. 10 Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

  3. 8 Medycyna Weterynaryjna

  4. 3 Życie Weterynaryjne

  5. 2 Advances in Agricultural Sciences

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  1. 57 Obremski K.

  2. 52 Gajecki M.

  3. 41 Zielonka L.

  4. 38 Gajecka M.

  5. 30 Jakimiuk E.

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  1. 4 2015

  2. 2 2014

  3. 1 2013

  4. 2 2012

  5. 1 2011

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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

Changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokine concentrations in ileal Peyer’s patches in gilts exposed to zearalenone

100%
Obremski K.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 17
|
nr 1
GALT induces tolerance to foreign food antigens and plays an important role in the development of food allergies and the inflammatory bowel disease. The immune function of GALT is significantly influenced by an equilibrium between Th1 and Th2 subpopulations and the cytokines they produce. Th1 cytokines participate in the induction of a cell-mediated immune response, whereas Th2 cytokines induce powerful antibody-mediated responses. Changes in Th1/Th2 cell polarization of an immune response are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases. This experiment investigated changes in cytokine levels produced by Th1 and Th2 cells in ileal Payer’s patches in gilts exposed to ZEN doses below the NOEL (approximately 8 μg kg⁻¹ BW) for 14, 28 and 42 days. A significant linear increase in IL-4 (40.32 ± 1.55 ng mg⁻¹ - 137.60 ± 29.96 ng mg⁻¹), and IL-10 (5.99 ± 0.15 ng mg⁻¹ - 16.39 ± 1.11 ng mg⁻¹) concentrations was observed. An increase in Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) cytokine levels was also noted in the experimental group, but it was not statistically significant. An HPLC analysis of Peyer’s patches in group E animals revealed a linear increase in ZEN concentrations (3.65 ± 0.91 ng g⁻¹ - 4.72 ± 1.85 ng g⁻¹) and an absence of α-ZEL. IL-4 stimulates monocytes and macrophages, it induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and it may directly and indirectly contribute to the development of inflammatory foci. Higher IL-4 levels could shift polarization toward Th2 cells, stimulate B cells to undergo class switching to produce IgE and contribute to the development of allergies.
2
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The effect of in vivo exposure to zearalenone on cytokine secretion by Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in porcine Peyer’s patches after in vitro stimulation with LPS

100%
Obremski K.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 17
|
nr 4
Most research studies investigating the estrogenic effects of zearalenone (ZEN) focus on the mycotoxin’s effect on the reproductive system. Since estrogen receptors are present on various types of immunocompetent cells, ZEN can also modify diverse immune functions. This study analyzed immunocompetent cells isolated from Peyer’s patches in the ileum of pigs administered ZEN in the estimated daily dose of 8 μg kg⁻¹ BW (equivalent of 100 μg kg⁻¹ feed per day⁻¹). The objective of the study was to determine whether long-term exposure to low ZEN doses below the NOEL threshold leads to changes in the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine secretion by Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) lymphocytes in Peyer’s patches of the ileum after in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Immunocompetent cells isolated from Payer’s patches on experimental days 0, 14, 28 and 42 were cultured in vitro and stimulated with LPS. The presence of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in culture media was determined by the ELISA method. The results of the study indicate that ZEN inhibits IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion and stimulates IL-4 and IL-10 production by Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes by shifting the Th1/Th2 balance towards the humoral immune response. The above can promote allergic responses, as demonstrated by the increase in the size of B1 cell populations producing more autoantibodies. ZEN can also lower resistance to viruses and tumors by inhibiting the proliferation of NK cells and IFN-γ secretion.
3
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Zearalenone induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in porcine ileal Peyer’s patch lymphocytes

63%
Obremski K., Poniatowska-Broniek G.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2015
|
tom 18
|
nr 1
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most active natural estrogenic compounds that induces apoptosis. This study has been prompted by the widespread occurrence of ZEN in food and feed and limited knowledge about the effects of exposure to low doses of ZEN on the immune system. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that low doses of ZEN contribute to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in lymphocytes of the germinal centers (GC) of ileal Peyer's patches (IPP) in pigs. The experiment was performed on 30 female Polish Large White pigs, aged 2 months, with body weight of 15-18 kg, divided into two groups: control (C, n=15) and experimental (Z, n=15). On days 14, 28 and 42 of exposure to ZEN (100 |ig kg-1 feed day-1), apoptosis in IPP GC was evaluated histologically in HE-stained specimens, immunohistochemically by active caspase-3 staining and in mononucleosome and oligonucleosome detection-based ELISA. Proliferation was evaluated his-tologically by mitosis detection in HE-stained specimens, immunohistochemically by PCNA staining and in the MTT tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay detecting mitogenic responses of B cells to LPS. Exposure to low doses of ZEN for several weeks intensified apoptosis and weakened proliferation in IPP lymphocytes. ZEN influences gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) by decreasing the expression of CD21+ on B cells and by increasing the percentage of B1 cell populations.
4

Influence of low doses of deoxynivalenol applied per os on chosen indexes of immune response in swine

51%
Zielonka L., Gajecki M., Obremski K., Zwierzchowski W.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2003
|
tom 06
|
nr 3 Suppl.
5

Wplyw dodatkow ziolowych podawanych z pasza na wybrane wskazniki biochemiczne surowicy krwi knurow

51%
Baranowski M., Gajecki M., Obremski K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu. Zootechnika
|
2004
|
tom 52
41-46
Zioła, mieszanki ziołowe i ich ekstrakty są stosowane w żywieniu zwierząt ze względu na ich stabilizujące działanie na przemiany metaboliczne, trawienie a także immunomodulacyjność. Dodatki ziołowe są wykorzystywane w terapii i profilaktyce. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu podawania z paszą dodatku mieszanki ziołowej (35 g·osobnik⁻¹) i alkoholowego ekstraktu ziołowego (5 ml·osobnik⁻¹) na wybrane wskaźniki krwi obwodowej knurów. Zarówno zastosowany ekstrakt alkoholowy, jak i mieszanka ziołowa wpłynęły stabilizująco na badane parametry.
6

Wplyw niskich dawek deoxynivalenolu podawanych per os na poziom tej mikotoksyny w surowicy krwi swin

51%
Zielonka L., Gajecki M., Obremski K., Zwierzchowski W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2004
|
tom 60
|
nr 05
534-536
7
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Zearalenone-induced changes in the lymphoid tissue and mucosal nerve fibers in the porcine ileum

51%
Obremski K., Gonkowski S., Wojtacha P.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2015
|
tom 18
|
nr 2
This is the first study to examine zearalenone-(ZEN) induced changes in the immune system of the ileum and substance P-(SP-) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-(VIP-) immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosa, which participate in the regulation of intestinal functions under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. The aim of this study was also to identify potential relationships between selected immune and neural elements in ileal Peyer's patches in pigs that were and were not exposed to ZEN. The experiment was performed on 10 prepubertal gilts divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=5) where ZEN was administered at 0.1 mg kg-1 feed day-1 for 42 days, and the control group (n=5) which was administered a placebo. The tissue levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which revealed elevated concentrations of IL-12/23 40p and IL-1 ß in animals exposed to ZEN. Flow cytometry revealed a lower percentage of CD21+ lymphocytes in pigs exposed to ZEN in comparison with control animals. The tissue levels of neuropeptides were evaluated in the dot blot procedure which demonstrated higher concentrations of VIP and SP in experimental pigs. In experimental animals, numerous VIP-like immunoreactive processes were observed, and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers formed a very dense network. Our results demonstrate for the first time that ZEN can modify the chemical coding of nerve structures in the gastrointestinal system. Those modifications can be attributed to ZEN's impact on estrogen receptors or its pro-inflammatory properties, and they reflect changes that take place in the nervous system at the transcriptional, translational and metabolic level.
8

Wplyw zearalenonu na aktywnosc wybranych enzymow krwi obwodowej swin

51%
Obremski K., Zielonka L., Zwierzchowski W., Gajecki M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu. Zootechnika
|
2004
|
tom 52
213-219
Mikotoksykozę zearalenonową świń klinicznie charakteryzuje obrzęk i zaczerwienienie sromu, zaburzenia w płodności i splayleg prosiąt. Podczas sekcji stwierdza się spadek masy jajników, powiększenie macicy i gruczołu mlekowego. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu jednokrotnego podania per os niskich dawek ZEA (1,0 i 1,5 mg ZEA. kg⁻¹ paszy) na aktywność AST, ALT i ALP u świń. Wzrost aktywności enzymów sugeruje, że jednorazowe podanie ZEA może być przyczyną dysfunkcji wątroby.
9

Prawdopodobne konsekwencje występowania mikotoksyn w materiałach paszowych

51%
Gajecka M., Zielonka L., Obremski K., Gajecki M.
Postępy Nauk Rolniczych
|
2008
|
tom 60
|
nr 2
10

Ferr-Up in prophylaxis of piglet anaemia

51%
Zwierzchowski W., Gajecki M., Obremski K., Zielonka L.
Advances in Agricultural Sciences
|
2002
|
tom 08
|
nr 1
11

Sklad chemiczny wybranych rybnych materialow paszowych

45%
Bakula T., Apoznanski J., Obremski K., Iwaniuk Z., Gajecki M.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2005
|
tom 61
|
nr 09
1061-1063
12

Mikotoksykozy mieszane

45%
Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Zielonka L., Obremski K., Gajecki M.
Życie Weterynaryjne
|
2005
|
tom 80
|
nr 09
560-562
13
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol mycotoxicosis in dairy cattle herds

45%
Marczuk J., Obremski K., Lutnicki K., Gajecka M., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2012
|
tom 15
|
nr 2
Mycotoxin contaminations pose a growing problem in animal production from the economic and toxicological point of view. Clinical symptoms of mycotoxicosis are relatively unspecific, making the disease difficult to diagnose. This study presents a clinical case of dairy cattle infected with natural mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium (zearalenone [ZEA] and deoxynivalenol [DON]) in eastern Poland. In dead and infected cows, the presence of ZEA and DON was determined in the blood serum, significant changes were observed in blood morphological and biochemical profiles, extravasations and bowel inflammations were also observed. The results reported testify to an acute autoimmune process in the intestines as well as immunosuppression.
14

Influence of low doses of deoxynivalenol on histopathology of selected organs of pigs

45%
Zielonka L., Wisniewska M., Gajecka M., Obremski K., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
Deoxynivalenol is one of mycotoxins that are most frequently determined in animal feed manufactured in Poland. The examination of histopathological lesions concomitant with deoxynivalenol intoxication is difficult because of the common, often synergistic, reaction of this mycotoxin with other toxins, such as zearalenone or ochratoxin A, which has a strong nephrotoxic activity. The possibility of estimating histopathological lesions in the course of intoxication with pure toxin at various doses is therefore of interest. Dosages used in this experiment relate to clinical cases observed in feeding the animals with whole ration feed obtained by processing feedingstuffs contaminated with Fusarium moulds. However, concerning the fact of one-shot administration of clinically pure toxin, the main question was if it was a sufficient dose to cause changes in the histopathological picture of gastrointestinal tract organs. The experiment was carried out on 12 nursery pigs of mixed breed (Polish White Large x Polish White Ear-pendent) with an average body weigh of 35 kg. The experimental nursery pigs were divided into 3 groups: group I (n=4) – control; group II (n=4) – DON administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg b.w.; group III (n=4) – DON administered at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg b.w. After slaughter of the animals, macroscopic examination was performed and segments of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes were sampled and assigned for histopathological examination. The results obtained equate to the clinically observed signs in swine production involving some nutrient metabolism disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract in the course of deoxynivalenol mycotoxicosis. Histopathological examination of segments of the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the liver and the lymph nodes indicate that the regressive lesions are more expressed in the experimental group treated with the highest concentration of deoxynivalenol.
15

Mikotoksyny jako przyczyna zaburzen rozrodu u swin

45%
Gajecki M., Zwierzchowski W., Zaluska G., Zielonka L., Obremski K.
Nowa Weterynaria
|
1999
|
tom 04
|
nr 3
10-12
16

Wplyw preparatu Solutein [APC] na stan zdrowia i efekty produkcyjne prosiat w okresie poodsadzeniowym

45%
Zwierzchowski W., Radomyski T., Obremski K., Apoznanski J., Gajecki M.
Życie Weterynaryjne
|
2004
|
tom 79
|
nr 04
213-216
17

Mycotoxins - dairy cattle breeding problem. A case report

45%
Obremski K., Zielonka L., Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Gajecki M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2009
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
221-224
The article aimed at drawing attention to the problem of mycotoxicoses, appearing in cattle and often undiagnosed because of lack of characteristic clinical signs. It described an outbreak of mycotoxicosis in one of the dairy-cattle herd in north-east Poland. In this case, DON, 3-Ac-DON, OTA, T-2 toxin, and ZEA were found in the feed and were considered as causative agents in a decrease in milk yield, occurrence of clinical symptoms of toxicosis, and death of some cows.
18

Zearalenone as a potential allergen in the alimentary tract – a review

45%
Gajecki M., Gajecka M., Zielonka L., Jakimiuk E., Obremski K.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2006
|
tom 15/56
|
nr 3
It is a common opinion that pathologic signs of allergy are connected with the prompt anaphylactic reaction. The knowledge about the so-called late reaction of the response to the allergen is less widespread. In the case of frequent or constant exposure to the allergen of late type, chronic inflammation and irreversible tissue damage appear. It may happen due to the intake of low doses of zearalenone in plant material. Zearalenone in the first period of its activity interferes in the processes of protein synthesis. On the other hand, the presence of environmental estrogens affects feminization of fish, birds and mammals. These xenobiotics, including zearalenone, probably take part in pathological conditions that occur as a result of autoimmunization and allergy. These dysfunctions and pathological conditions are in majority of cases noted more often in females than in males. They are often the primary cause of the induced diseases of the allergic origin like asthma, inflammation of nasal mucosa, skin inflammation and disturbances in the alimentary tract. In addition, environmental estrogens directly influence the immunological system or more probably they indirectly modulate this system through other tissues in order to change the model of cytokines. This study presents the thoughts over the hazards for human and animal health posed by environmental estrogens (especially zearalenone) even in the allergies. In humans the number of the results that would allow for any conclusion is minimal. In this situation, first their influence on the immunological system in animals was considered, then the pathological effect of low doses of the xenobiotic on the immunological system was estimated. It would be recommended to take longer period into account focusing on the results of the possible autoimmunization or allergy.
19

Effect of zearalenone on steroid secretion by porcine follicular cells in mono- and coculture

45%
Jakimiuk E., Gajecka M., Jana B., Obremski K., Gajecki M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2010
|
tom 54
|
nr 3
The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of zearalenone (ZEA) on the production and secretion of some steroid sex hormones by granulosa cells in monoculture and granulosa cells with theca interna cells in coculture. Follicular cells were obtained from ovarian follicles of pre-pubertal gilts. They were exposed to 0.2% DMSO and ZEA (at a concentration of 0.4, 4, 40, and 400 ng/mL), for 48 h. The concentration of progesterone, testosterone, and oestradiol-17ß in the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. It was found that both stimulating and inhibitory effect of ZEA on basal steroidogenesis in porcine ovarian follicular cells was depended on the type of cultures and concentrations of mycotoxin.
20

The biotransformation of chosen mycotoxins

45%
Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Zielonka L., Obremski K., Gajecki M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2009
|
tom 12
|
nr 2
293-303
Despite the unfavourable influence of mycotoxins on human and animal health and few toxi- cological aspects that have been documented, about these biologically active substances has not been explored. Aiming at more knowledge and a better understanding of the effects and mechanism of mycotoxin action in mammals would provide the basics for developing strategies to restrain different mycotoxicoses. One of the processes not fully understood is biotransformation, to which mycotoxins are subjected the animal organism. Biotransformation is the conversion of mycotoxins to non-toxic metabolites and occurs mostly in the intestinal mucosal membrane and liver, although other tissues and systems also take part in this process. Mycotoxin biotransformation reactions can be considered bioinactivation or detoxication, but mycotoxin biotransformation processes could also result in products more toxic than the mycotoxin. It can be concluded from research studies that our knowledge of mycotoxin biotransformation is scarce.
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