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The genus Rubus in the Bardo Mts ( Central Sudetes)

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This paper presents the results of detailed field investigations and herbarium studies on the occurrence of representatives of the genus Rubus L. in the Bardo Mts (SW Poland). For each species a short description, as well as horizontal and vertical distribution maps are provided. This region is one of the areas of the greatest concentration of bramble species in Poland, with 50 species being documented, of which 37 species were foundthere for the first time. Forty-eight species belong to the subgenus Rubus, one to the subgenus Idaeobatus andone taxon is of hybridorigin (nothosubgenus ×Idaeorubus). The subgenus Rubus is represented by 3 sections, 4 subsections and20 series, among which the most numerous are Discolores (11 species), Glandulosi (7 species) and Rubus (4 species). The distribution and migratory patterns of particular species are discussed. In the bramble flora, transitional elements are prevalent (66%), while 9 species reach northern, 4 species western and 4 southern limits of their ranges. Presumably southern species did not immigrate directly from the south by the Międzylesie Pass, but rather through the foothill zone along the Sudetian fault line, from the Moravian Gate. The vertical distribution of most of the species was confined to the submontane belt. The study contributed significantly to the description of one species which is new to science and two species which have not previously been recorded in Poland.
Rubus guttiferus, known mainly from the Czech Republic, has been found on 25 localities in Lower Silesia (SW Poland). It is as yet a rare bramble there, on the northern border of its range, forming usually very small local populations, and as such should be regarded provisionally as an endangered species in Poland.
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Rubus parthenocissus (Rosaceae) in Poland

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Rubus parthenocissus, recently described species, known mainly from the southern part of Central Europe, has been found on 23 localities in S Poland.
The Rubus flora of northern Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) is not yet fully discovered, but the recent studies on the genus Rubus suggest that it is clearly not as rich as in case of southern Wielkopolska. The results of the field observations show that the area of the Durowo Forest District contains 14 representatives of the genus Rubus, out of which the presence of four taxa has already been reported and confirmed. Only Rubus czarnunensis, species endemic to Poland and mentioned in this area in the early 20th century, was not rediscovered. The presence of two species, previously unknown in this area, R. nemoralis and R. seebergensis, have shifted their range limits by 16 km and 30 km to the north, respectively. A statistically significant higher number of bramble species occurred in pine forest growing on fertile deciduous forest habitats.
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Rubus maximus (Rosaceae) found also in Poland

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Rubus maximus Marsson, regional bramble species occurring mainly in the Baltic costal area of the NE Germany, was reported from Świnoujście in XIX century. Its occurrence in Poland was confirmed by the new locality only recently found in the Wolin Island.
The available phytosociological literature were reviewed and compared with 12 original relevés made on representative of habitats of fir trees in the study area. Only in the eastern part of the Sudety Mts. silver-fir is still important forest tree. It is found most frequently in potential sites of acidophilic beech forest, which vegetation is now strongly transformed because of planting them with spruce. Typical, mainly acidophilic beech forest takes second place (in respect of frequent occurrence). Oak-hornbeam forest take third position.
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Trees and shrubs of the Polish part of the Eastern Sudety Mts. The contemporary woody flora of the Polish part of the Eastern Sudety Mts. is comprised of 217 taxa of trees and shrubs, including 153 native and 64 alien species (together with 24 and 5interspecific hybrids respectively). Among them, 31 native species and 48 anthropophytes were recorded for the first time and 5brambles were new for the flora of Poland. 25% of native species were found on many new localities. Only 4 taxa recorded in the literature were not found (Juniperus communis subsp. alpina, Rosa inodora, Rubus bifrons and Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata).
Rubus occidentalis L., native to eastern North America, is recorded for the first time as naturalized in Poland. Its spontaneous occurrence in Europe has hitherto been mentioned only from several stands in the Czech Republic and from single localities in Slovakia and Russia. The increasing popularity of black raspberry cultivation and its ability to survive under different environmental conditions suggest that the number of instances of its appearances in semi-natural habitats will grow over time. At the moment, R.occidentalis can be considered as a locally established, non-invasive neophyte.
This paper describes, illustrates, and maps a new regional bramble species occurring in the Myśliborskie Lake District in NW Poland. It represents the series Mucronati, which until now has never been recorded in this part of Europe. Locally it is the common plant and usually can be found in pine plantation established on former farmland.
A new cultivar of lilac (Syringa vulgaris) selected in the Kórnik Arboretum, Poland, is described. It is very easy to recognize by its pink peculiar flowers, whose petals are strongly tucked down. The shrub is healthy and blooms profusely every year.
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