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Failure control of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and selectivity of their natural enemies to different insecticides

100%

Bacci L., Rosado J. F., Picanco M. C., Gonring A. H. R., da Silva Galdino T. V., Martins J. C.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

2018

tom 58

nr 2

Control failure of pests and selectivity of insecticides to beneficial arthropods are key data for the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the control failure likelihood of Plutella xylostella and the physiological selectivity active ingredients to parasitoid Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and to predators Polybia scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and Lasiochilus sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). In bioassays, P. xylostella larvae and O. sokolowskii, P. scutellaris and Lasiochilus sp. adults were used. Concentration-mortality curves of six insecticides for P. xylostella were established. These curves were used to estimate the mortality of P. xylostella at the recommended concentration, in order to check a control failure of insecticides to this pest. Furthermore, the lethal concentration for 90% of populations (LC90) and the half of LC90 were used in bioassays with the natural enemies to determine the selectivity of these insects to insecticides. All tested insecticides showed control failure to P. xylostella, indicated by high LC90 and low estimated mortalities (less than 80%). The cartap insecticide was selective in half of LC90 to Lasiochilus sp. and moderately selective in LC90 and the half of LC90, to Lasiochilus sp. and P. scutellaris, respectively. Deltamethrin was moderately selective in the half of LC90 to predator Lasiochilus sp. Cartap, carbaryl, and deltamethrin reduced the mortality of Lasiochilus sp. in the half LC90. The results also showed that the insecticides methamidophos, carbaryl, parathion methyl and permethrin were not selective to any of the tested natural enemies. The role of insecticides in IPM systems of Brassica crops is discussed based on their control failures to P. xylostella and selectivity to their natural enemies.

Metabolic and histopathological alternations in the fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus induced by the organophosphorous pesticide fenthion

84%

Amaral T. S., Carvalho T. F., Silva M. C., Goulart L. S., Barros M. S., Picanco M. C., Neves C. A., Freitas M. B.

Acta Chiropterologica

2012

tom 14

nr 1

The organophosphorous (OP) pesticide fenthion is widely used in commercial fruit industry and orchards in South America. Among the metabolic effects in mammals caused by fenthion, hyperglycemia occurs via the activation of hepatic metabolic pathways, which may interfere with the function of several organs and systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute and sub-chronic levels of fenthion on energy metabolism and liver morphology of frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus), which usually feed on fruits cultivated on South American plantations where fenthion is used. Animals were fed fruit treated with fenthion by immersion of fruit in a solution containing fenthion (500 ppm) and an adhesive spreader (200 ppm). Blood glucose levels did not change due to fenthion treatment, but muscle glycogen content increased and carcass fatty acids decreased after acute exposure. An increase in hepatocyte cell diameter further characterized as an increase in vacuolization was observed. The results indicate that fenthion may affect some components of energy metabolism and promote alterations in hepatocyte morphology in frugivorous bats when applied to cultivated fruits at the recommended rates.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Chiropterologica

1 Journal of Plant Protection Research

2 Picanco M. C.

1 Amaral T. S.

1 Bacci L.

1 Barros M. S.

1 Carvalho T. F.

1 Freitas M. B.

1 Gonring A. H. R.

1 Goulart L. S.

1 Martins J. C.

1 Neves C. A.

1 Rosado J. F.

1 Silva M. C.

1 da Silva Galdino T. V.

1 2018

1 2012

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Failure control of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and selectivity of their natural enemies to different insecticides

Metabolic and histopathological alternations in the fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus induced by the organophosphorous pesticide fenthion