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1

Ethogram and diurnal activities of a colony of Artibeus lituratus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)

100%
Munoz-Romo M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2006
|
tom 08
|
nr 1
The diurnal behavior of members of a harem group of the big fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus, in Mérida, Venezuela was investigated while they roosted beneath palm leaves. Behaviors were recorded applying a digital video camera to characterize diurnal activities, and from these an ethogram was constructed. Scan sampling and focal sampling were used to analyze the recorded behaviors. Four long behavioral states and seven short behavioral events were distinguished. During the diurnal period, most bats were inactive and were presumed to be sleeping, although at least one individual always remained active and alert. The fact that at least one bat was always alert during the day-roosting period suggests that some level of vigilance may be needed for bats to successfully occupy exposed roosts. Although the bats were inactive more than 80% of the day-roosting period, this was an interrupted phenomenon since individuals did not sleep continuously for more than 20 min (on average) when they were observed sleeping. Differences between the single harem male and an associated female were significant in terms of the frequency of states and events, and duration of some behavioral states. The harem male was active (i.e. alert) 13% of time of the diurnal period, whereas the female was active 1% of the time during this same period. Differences may be related to predation risks or actual and potential incursions of other males into the roost. The male allocated 4% of his time to grooming, whereas the female allocated 9% of her time to grooming, which may be related to the female's reproductive condition.
2

The dorsal patch of males of the Curaçaoan long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) as a visual signal

51%
Munoz-Romo M., Burgos J. F., Kunz T. H.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2011
|
tom 13
|
nr 1
The seasonal dorsal patch of males of the Curaçaoan long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae, which exhibits variability in size, shape, and chemical complexity, is a trait associated with courtship and mating in this species. This recently discovered structure develops exclusively during the mating season that occurs once a year between November and December in populations of L. curasoae from northern Venezuela. Although the dorsal patch that develops in males has unique chemical characteristics possibly involved in female attraction, we suggest that this trait also sends distinct visual cues regarding the health status of males. We evaluated the postulated association between dorsal patch shape (symmetry) and ectoparasite load (streblid batflies) in males of L. curasoae. To do so, we quantified the shape of dorsal patches on males to test the hypothesis that streblid load was related to this variable. Over 2,000 streblid batflies of two different species (Nycterophilia coxata and Trichobius sphaeronotus) were recovered from 130 individuals (x= 16 streblids/bat). Among these batflies, N. coxata was the most abundant species found on L. curasoae (2,042 individuals, 95.0% prevalence). Males with dorsal patches had significantly lower batfly loads when compared with males without dorsal patches and with females. Males with the most symmetrical dorsal patches also had the lowest batfly loads. Our results suggest that the odoriferous dorsal patches produced in males of L. curasoae also convey visual cues to female mates as signals of good health.
3

Chemical composition of the substances from dorsal patches of males of the Curacaoan long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)

51%
Munoz-Romo M., Nielsen L. T., Nassar J. M., Kunz T. H.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2012
|
tom 14
|
nr 1
In the absence of visual cues, chemical signals are especially important for nocturnal mammals such as bats, because they facilitate individual recognition, communication, and mate selection. In a recent study, it was reported that adult males of the Curaçaoan long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae, develop an odoriferous dorsal patch during the short mating season. It was postulated that dorsal patches signal health condition to females, and that females are preferentially attracted to the odor of males with dorsal patches. The chemical characterization of the dorsal patch is key to understanding its implications in chemical communication in a sexual context. In the present study, organic compounds collected from dorsal patches of males of L. curasoae from northwestern Venezuela were extracted using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) techniques and tentatively identified using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Nineteen compounds were present in 75% or more of the patches examined: 3-methyl-2-buten-1-thiol, acetic acid, 2′-aminoacetophenone, diacetyl, 2-pentanone, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, 2-nonanone, acetamide, 2-undecanone, piperidinone, 4-methylquinazoline, 2,4-dimethylquinazoline, 3-methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione, 2-butanone, 2-methylfuran, 3-methyl-2-butenal, δ-valerolactone, 3-methyl-2-butenoic acid, and 2-methyl-2-butenoic acid. Although some of these compounds have been reported as important in female attraction among other male mammals during their respective breeding seasons, the actual function of these chemicals in L. curasoae remains to be determined. Some of these compounds have also been identified as natural insecticides, and this may be associated with lower ectoparasite loads reported on males with dorsal patches. These results, when considered along with previous observations, suggest that the dorsal patch in males of L. curasoae promotes the attraction of females during the mating season, and/or provides protection against ectoparasites.
4

Use of leaves as roosts by the Gervais's fruit-eating bat, Artibeus cinereus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) and proposed modifiability index

51%
Machado D. A., Merida M. S., Munoz-Romo M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2008
|
tom 10
|
nr 1
5

Folivory in the giant fruit-eating bat Artibeus amplus (Phyllostomidae): a non-seasonal phenomeno

45%
Ruiz-Ramoni D., Munoz-Romo M., Romoni-Perazzi P., Aranguren Y., Fermin G.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2011
|
tom 13
|
nr 1
Folivory has been reported in only five species of microbats, and described as a seasonal phenomenon. Bats feed on leaves by chewing a portion of leaf, extracting the liquid, and discarding the fibrous material. In the course of a study on the reproductive pattern of Artibeus amplus in the Venezuelan Andes, leaves were frequently observed in a cave used by this species as a roost. We took this opportunity to (1) identify the leaves consumed by this poorly known Neotropical bat species, and (2) test whether folivory is a temporal phenomenon, such as in other leaf-eating bat species. Artibeus amplus consumes the leaves of seven species of plants, and four of these were found in every month of the year during the study. We report for the first time: (1) folivory in A. amplus, (2) five plant species never reported before in the diet of a bat, and (3) folivory as a non-seasonal phenomenon.
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