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The Garhwal region of the Central Himalaya (in the Uttar Pradesh, India) offers an unique physio-topographic, climatic and environmental features. The glacial-snow-fed and non-glacial-fed or spring-fed rivers of the area makes the upper basin of the Ganga River system of North India (being characterized by low water temperature steep gradient fast water current, high turbulence etc.). There are 65 fish species (belonging to 9 families of teleosts) reported so far. Various biotic communities (planktonic, benthic, nektonic and neustonic), detritus, debris, sand particles are being used as food matters by herbi-, herbiomni-, carnivomni-, carni-, larvi- and piscivorous fishes. During recent years, hillstream environment has deteriorated owing to excessive deforestation, multipurpose river valley projects, over grazing, forest fires, modern tourism, over exploitation of natural resources.
Laboratory studies were made on the conversion efficiency of food by Noemacheilus montanus (McClelland), abundantly found in high, altitude streams of Garhwal Himalaya. The fish were fed and reared on two types food, viz., natural food (macro- zoobenthos) and commercial fish meal (CFM) in different groups for 30 days. There was no marked difference in the feeding rate of N. montanus fed on natural food and CFM. The specific growth rate was estimated to be 6.34 ±0.30 and 6.68 ±0.11 mg/gm fish/day for natural food and CFM fed groups respectively. The conversion efficiency of the fish reared on CFM was higher in comparison to natural food. A positive correlation was observed between feeding rate and specific growth rate.
A new species, Teulisna unicornuta sp. nov., from South India is described. Additional descriptions of the external male genitalia of T. karena ČERNÝ, T. protuberans (MOORE) and T. obliquistria HAMPSON are provided. Female genitalia of T. karena ČERNÝ are described for the first time. A current list of Teulisna species is included.
A new species, Capissa alba sp. nov., of family Erebidae (tribe: Lithosiini), is described from Jammu and Kashmir region of Indian Himalayas.
Gladiolus flowers are ethylene insensitive and the signals that start catabolic changes during senescence of gladiolus flower are largely not known. Therefore, experiments were performed to understand the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in ethylene insensitive floral senescence in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora Hort.). It was observed that ABA accumulation increased in attached petals of gladiolus flowers as they senesced. Exogenous application of ABA in vase solution accelerated senescence process in the flowers due to change in various senescence indicators such as enhanced membrane leakage, reduced water uptake, reduced fresh weight and ultimately vase life. Enhancement of in vivo ABA level in petals by creating osmotic stress also upregulates the same parameters of flower senescence as those occurring during natural senescence and also akin to exogenous application of ABA. Attempts to increase vase life of flowers by application of putative ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone in vase solution to counteract ABA effect were unsuccessful. In contrast, ABA action was mitigated by application of GA₃ in holding solution along with ABA which is basically an antagonist of ABA action. The present study provides valuable insights into the role of ABA as a hormonal trigger in ethylene insensitive senescence process and therefore would be helpful for dissecting the complex mechanism underlying ABA-regulated senescence process in gladiolus.
RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) markers were screened to test the genetic integrity of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plants multiplied through axillary bud multiplication from nodal segments. The in vitro raised plantlets were maintained for up to 12 in vitro subcultures. During the study a total of 48 (32 RAPD and 16 ISSR) primers were screened, out of which 24 RAPD and 13 ISSR primers produced a total of 191 (126 RAPD and 65 ISSR) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons. The amplified products were monomorphic across all the selected micropropagated plants and were similar to the mother plant. The micropropagation protocol developed by our group for rapid in vitro multiplication is appropriate for clonal propagation of jojoba. The outcome supports the fact that axillary bud multiplication can also be used as one of the safest modes for the production of true-to-type plants.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentration and combination of potassium [1.0 g/l (K1), 2.5 g/l (K2) and 5.0 g/l (K3)] and gibberellic acid [0.005 g/l (G1), 0.01 g/l (G2) and 0.015 g/l (G3)] foliar application on growth characteristics, quality and yield of F1hybrid cucumber (cv. KUK-9).The results showed that the highest amounts for growth, biochemical attributes, fruit maturity, quality belonged to K2 (2.5 g/l) plus G2 (0.01 g/l) combination treatment. Plant height as well as chlorophyll content attained their greatest quantities under G2K2 treatment. Dry matter, TSS % and antioxidant activity showed significant differences compared with control, G1K1 and G2K2 treatment showed the greatest sum of data. Fruit mineral content were also significantly affected by different treatments. Higher fruit potassium was recorded with G3K3 treatment.
Anthracnose disease symptoms were observed on Jasminum grandiflorum. The spots were dark red and mostly irregular shaped lesions on leaves. Acervuli containing masses of spores and dark setae were observed within lesions. The fungus after purification was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This is the first report from India and elsewhere showing that C. gloeosporioides causes anthracnose on J. grandiflorum.
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