Glomaliny to glikorpoteiny grzybowe, które są wyjątkowo odporne na degradację (obecne w glebie nawet od 10 do 30 lat) oraz trudno rozpuszczalne w wodzie. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena zawartości ogólnych i łatwoekstrahowalnych glomalin w archiwalnych próbkach glebowych. Do badań wybrano 15 próbek glebowych z doświadczeń polowych z 1994 roku dotyczących uprawy jęczmienia jarego. Badane gleby pochodziły z różnych regionów Polski oraz reprezentowały różne typy gleb. Gleby charakteryzowały się także dużym zróżnicowaniem właściwości fizykochemicznych i biologicznych. Przeprowadzone w niniejszej pracy badania wykazały obecność glomalin we wszystkich próbkach glebowych. Stężenie ogólnych i łatwoekstrahowalnych glomalin zależało głównie od typu gleby. Obecność glomalin w badanych glebach potwierdza hipotezę, iż białka te są szczególnie odporne na degradację i mogą pozostać w niezmienionej formie w glebie przez wiele lat.
The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil quality associated with the tillage system applied with chosen parameters of soil biological properties. The long-term field experiments were located at a private farm in Rogów (Zamooeæ region, E Poland) on a silt soil and at the Experimental Station in Laskowice (Wroc³aw region, S-W Poland) on a sandy loam soil. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers. Winter wheat was grown under traditional, reduced and no-tillage systems. The analyses included estimations of microbial biomass C and N content, microbial respiration rate, activity of dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. After eight years the effects of tillage on both soils were clearly noticed. In general, the less disturbing tillage systems enhanced the increase of soil biological activity by 15-40%, on average, than conventional tillage system. The significant correlations between microbial biomass, and/or enzyme activities with total organic C content indicate that concentration of organic C in soil environment plays an extremely important role in enhancing the stabilization and activity of soil microorganisms, and protection of an extracellular enzymes. The studied parameters of soil biological activity showed their sensitivity to tillage applied and may be considered as an useful indicators of soil quality in monitoring all conditions alter soil environment.
The aim of this work was to examine the effects of long-term maize monoculture and crop rotation on biological activities of soil, especially soil enzymatic activities and microbial communities. We investigated the reaction of maize cultivated in perennial monoculture with direct sowing and compared it to full tillage monoculture and crop rotation full tillage cultivation in the following phases: six leaves, 12 leaves, flowering phase, before harvest, and after harvest. The results of the experiment conducted from 2004 to 2012 in the Experimental Station in Grabów (Mazowieckie Voivodship) on podzolic soil (very good rye soil), were the basis for this elaboration. Three objects were included in this research: maize cropped continuously (monoculture) with zero tillage, maize monoculture cropped continuously with full tillage, and crop rotation (spring barley, winter wheat, maize) with full tillage. The evaluation of the biological activity of the soil was based on the determination of the number of basic groups of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities. The maize was sown with the use of a seed drill. The statistically significant increase in soil enzymatic activity and total number of bacteria and actinomycetes in soil were observed where direct sowing in monoculture was implemented.
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