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1

Effects of monosodium glutamate treatment on calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus of postnatal rats

100%
Rycerz K., Krawczyk A., Jaworska-Adamu J., Krawczyk-Marc I.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
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2014
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tom 52
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nr 4
2

Age-related astrocytic changes in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) in rats

100%
Jaworska-Adamu J., Krawczyk A., Rycerz K., Krawczyk-Marc I.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2014
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tom 70
|
nr 10
Astrocytes are glial cells prone to morphological changes associated with age. The aim of the study was to investigate the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) of the midbrain in adult and old male rats to demonstrate morphological changes associated with age and to assess morphometrically the number of astrocytes and the digital immunostaining intensity of the examined protein in PAG astrocytes of both groups of animals. In the study, 10 male Wistar rats in two age groups were used. The first group consisted of five 100-day-old animals, whereas the second comprised five 3-year-old rats. After euthanasia, the midbrain, containing PAG, was collected and embedded in paraffin blocks. Immnunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction was carried out on coronal tissue sections with the use of the specific primary antibody against GFAP, goat anti-mouse IgG, peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex, and diaminobenzidine chromogen. GFAP-immunopositive PAG astrocytes were observed under a light microscope and subjected to morphometric analysis to determine their number and digital immunostaining intensity for the protein examined. GFAP-immunoreactive PAG astrocytes in 100-day-old rats showed uniform distribution. Numerous processes branching into secondary ones protruded from intensely GFAP-immunostained stellate cells. In contrast, in 3-year-old rats a significantly lower number of glial cells of different morphology was observed compared to young animals. Astrocytes had fewer primary processes without secondary branches. Morphometric analysis confirmed microscopic observations. Our findings indicate that PAG astrocytes are prone to quantitative and morphological changes with age, which, in turn, can cause disorders in emotional, pain, and defensive reactions.
3

Oligodendrocytes: morphology, functions and involvement in neurodegenerative diseases

88%
Krawczyk-Marc I., Wawrzyniak A., Luszczewska-Sierakowska I., Babicz M., Orkisz S.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2019
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tom 75
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nr 08
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are a highly specialized type of glial cell in the CNS of vertebrates, which guarantee the transmission of action potentials over long distances by producing a myelin sheath that wraps adjacent axons. Although they are often credited merely with participation in myelination, recent research has led to a radical change in the understanding the role of these glial cells. OLs are currently understood to be plastic and adaptive cells, capable of responding quickly to changes taking place in the spatial neuronal network in the CNS. Due to their complex differentiation process and their physiology, OLs are among the most sensitive cells in the CNS. Finding answers about their interactions with other types of glial cells may result in benefits in the form of neuroprotection and axon plasticity. Damage to OLs and the myelin sheath is one of processes contributing to the development of crippling neurological diseases, although the role of these cells in neurodegeneration remains controversial. This article not only presents OLs as cells whose ultimate goal is to produce myelin sheaths, but also discusses their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases.
4

Age-related changes in S100beta protein immunoreactivity in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in rats

88%
Rycerz K., Krawczyk A., Jaworska-Adamu J., Krawczyk-Marc I., Szalak R.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2015
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tom 71
|
nr 03
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare S100β protein immunoreactivity in astrocytes of the periaqueductal gray in young and aged rats and to evaluate the morphology of these cells. Furthermore, the amount, astrocyte surface areas, and digital immunostaining intensity of the protein were morphometrically analysed. The research was conducted on 100-day-old and 3-year-old male rats. Midbrain sections, containing PAG, were obtained from the animals. To detect S100β protein in astrocytes, the peroxydase-antiperoxydase immunohistochemical reaction with the S100β antibody was performed. Diaminobenzidine was used as a chromogen. For this method, specificity control was carried out. S100β-immunopositive astrocytes from the dorsal, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral parts of PAG were observed and photographed with a light microscope equipped with a digital camera. Morphometric analyses were performed. In 3-year-old rats, astrocytes in all parts of PAG were characterised by similar S100β immunoreaction intensity as those in 100-day-old animals. Astrocyte nuclei were round or oval-shaped, and showed very weak, moderate or intensive immunostaining. Astrocytes in all parts of PAG were irregularly spread. Morphometric analyses confirmed the results of microscopic examination. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of glial cells between the three parts of PAG. The surface areas of astrocytes in all parts did not differ significantly. Digital immunostaining intensity analysis revealed slight differences in the dorsal and ventrolateral parts of PAG between the two age groups of rats. Our results and the available literature data indicate that S100β protein expression in young and aged animals may differ in various brain areas and depends on many factors.
5

Morphological and histological analysis of the hippocampal formation in the American mink

76%
Luszczewska-Sierakowska I., Wawrzyniak-Gacek A., Krawczyk-Marc I., Jarosz L., Gradzki Z., Tatara M. R.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2014
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tom 70
|
nr 07
The aim of the research was to characterize the topography and cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus in the American mink (Neovison vison). The hippocampal formation is a neural structure of the rhinencephalon which stretches from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the ventromedial angle of the cerebral hemisphere. The hippocampal formation is subdivided into regions, layers, and fields (CA1-CA4). The brains of six sexually mature American minks were used in the study. The material collected was mounted in paraffin, and the paraffin blocks were cut into slices. Morphological examinations were carried out with an Olympus BX40 light microscope. The dominant neurons in the hippocampus proper and the subiculum are pyramidal cells. The neurons are morphologically different in each of areas CA1-CA4. Small, loosely arranged neurons form 2-3 layers of cells. In areas CA1-CA3 the neurons are densely packed, forming 5-6 layers of cells. Most of them are pyramidal in shape, with large round or oval nuclei. Area CA4 contains loosely scattered cells of a pyramidal layer located near the entrance to the sinus of the dentate gyrus. The regio superior is a part of hippocampus adhering to the subiculum, whereas the regio inferior adheres to the dentate area.
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