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The objective of the presented studies carried out in the Department of Horticultural Plant Fertilization, University of Life Sciences in Poznań was the investigation of the influence of the introduced doses of cadmium and lead (soil pollution) on the yield of the particular organs of selected cultivars of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and to check whether these plants are suitable to be planted on soils polluted with the mentioned metals. Plants used in the experiment were planted in individual outflowless containers in plastic tunnel. The studied cultivars of Marigold were planted in a substrate artificially polluted with cadmium and lead. The two heavy metals were introduced in the following doses: Cd – 0 (control); 1; 5; 10 mg dm⁻³, Pb – 0 (control); 100; 500; 1000 mg dm⁻³. Statistical analyses carried out in the present paper refer to the analysis of variance for leaf, stalk and inflorescence matters and the number of inflorescences. Analysis of the mean total yield of the particular cultivars grown in all substrates has shown that the highest total yield was reached by ‘Titania’ cultivar, in the second place was ‘Hawaii’ and the smallest yield was obtained from ‘Mann im Mond’. The smallest amounts of cadmium and lead, regardless of the applied dose, remained in the substrate in which ‘Hawaii’ cultivar was grown.
In the Department of Plant Fertilization, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, a vegetation experiment (in plastic tunnel) was carried out in which the substrate was artificially contaminated with cadmium and lead and three cultivars of Tagetes erecta L. were planted in it: ‘Mann im Mond’, ‘Hawaii’ and ‘Titania’. The substrate was artificially contaminated with increasing doses of metals: Cd – 0 (control); 1; 5; 10 mg dm⁻³; Pb: 0 (control); 100; 500; 1000 mg dm⁻³. The objective of studies was to investigate which organs of Tagetes erecta L. cumulated the greatest amounts of cadmium and lead, what amounts of Cd and Pb move from the substrate to the organs of the studied cultivars and whether the studied cultivars of Marigold are suitable for the remediation of soils polluted with cadmium and lead. The metals contained in the particular plant organs, after dry mineralization, were identified by the method of atomic spectrophotometer AAS-3 of Zeiss Company. In all studied cultivars, the highest contents of cadmium were found in leaves, smaller amounts were shown in stalks, while inflorescences contained the smallest Cd amounts. The highest amounts of lead in all studied cultivars were found in the stalks, smaller amounts in the leaves and the least amount was shown in the inflorescences The greatest contents of cadmium and lead were found in the organs of ‘Hawaii’ cultivar, both in the leaves, stalks and inflorescences. The studied cultivars of Tagetes erecta can be utilized for the remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals.
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In the spring-summer season in the years 2005 and 2006 (every year) three vegetation experiments were carried out with three species of ornamental plants: common sunflower (Helianthus annus ‘Pacino’), scarlet sage (Salvia splendens ‘Fuego’), tagetes erecta (Tagetes erecta ‘Inca Yellow’). These plants were planted in a substrate artificially contaminated by cadmium. Doses of cadmium applied in the experiment represent different degrees of contamination. The dose of 1 mg Cd ∙ dm⁻³ indicates natural contents; 5 mg Cd ∙ dm⁻³ – small contamination; 10 mg Cd ∙ dm⁻³ – large contamination. The objective of the presented studies was the determination what quantities of cadmium pass from the substrate to the organs of the studied plants and which plant organs accumulate the greatest amounts of cadmium. Cadmium was mainly accumulated in leaves and shoots, then in inflorescences. While the least amount of this metal was found in the roots with the exception of Tagetes erecta where the greatest amount of cadmium was found in roots, then in leaves and shoots, while the lest amount was in inflorescences. The greatest cadmium contents were found in the roots of Tagetes erecta, in leaves and shoots of Salvia splendens, and in the inflorescences of Helianthus annus. Among the studied ornamental plant species, the plants of Tagetes erecta were characterized by the highest cadmium uptake.
A vegetation experiment was carried out in the years 2006 and 2007, with Clematis from Jackmanii group, cultivar ‘John Paul II’. Two types of multicomponent fertilizers with slowed down action from Osmocote Exact group were used: Osmocote Exact Hi-Start and Osmocote Exact Standard. Influence of these fertilizers was studied on growth and yielding of Clematis ‘John Paul II’. The longest shoots of Clematis were obtained after the application to the substrate of Osmocote Exact Hi-Start and Osmocote Exact Standard fertilizers in the dose of 8 g·dm⁻³. Plants fetrilized with Osmocote Exact Hi-Start obtained the highest weight of their above ground plant parts at the dose of 8 g·dm⁻³ of substrate, while plants fertilized with Osmocote Exact Standard obtained the highest weight of their aboveground plant parts at the dose of 6 g·dm⁻³ of substrate. Plants in a 5-month period of growing with the application of the fertilizers Osmocote Exact Standard did not show any signs of mineral malnutrition. The greatest number of flowers and the greatest weight of flowers was found in plants grown in the substrate with an addition of the fertilizer Osmocote Exact Standard in the dose of 6 g·dm⁻³. The best fertilizer for the growing of Clematis ‘John Paul II’ cv. has shown to be Osmocote Exact Standard in the dose of 6 g·dm⁻³.
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