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Effects of fragmentation and isolation on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos

100%

Randi E.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

During the last centuries many West European populations of wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 and brown bear Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 have been extirpated from most of their former ranges. Isolated populations of wolves (about 300 - 400 animals) and brown bears (about 80 - 100 animals) actually survive in the Italian Apennines, while very few (5 - 10) brown bears remain in the Italian eastern Alps. We have investigated the consequences of isolation, demographic decline, and random drift on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf and brown bear using restriction site analysis and nucleotide sequencing of portions of the mitochondrial genome. The studied sequences were homogeneous within-populations of both species, but there was a fixed difference in mtDNA between brown bears form the Alps and from the Apennines. Random drift since the time of isolation is a plausible explanation for both results. These findings suggest that wolves and bears have small effective population sizes and, thus, they will continue to loose genetic variability by random drift in the near future. Conservation efforts should be directed towards an increase of the annual growth rates of these populations. The individualization of discrete phylogeographic units in the brown bear suggests to manage them separately in order to preserve the existing gene diversity among populations.

2

Allozyme variability in Bulgarian wild boar populations

51%

Randi E., Massei G., Genov P.

Acta Theriologica

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1992

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tom 37

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nr 3

3

The dynamics of the orn growth in Bulgarian chamois Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica

51%

Massei G., Randi E., Genov P.

Acta Theriologica

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1994

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tom 39

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nr 2

Measures of horn growth of Bulgarian chamois Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925 were compared between males and females. The hypothesis that rapid early growth of horn is followed by slower subsequent growth was tested through the regression of the horn increment in the first two years against the third, fourth and fifth year respectively in the same individual. Sexual dimorphism in annual growth increment was significant up to the third year, males having higher values than females. Negative correlation coefficients were found when regressing the third, fourth and fifth individual annual increment on the second one in males, thus showing that individuals which had horns which grew fastest in the first two years tended to have slower horn growth in subsequent years.

4

Procedures to genotype problematic non-invasive otter (Lutra lutra) samples

45%

Lerone L., Mengoni C., Carpaneto G. M., Randi E., Loy A.

Acta Theriologica

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2014

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tom 59

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nr 4

Non-invasive genetics is a powerful tool in wildlife research and monitoring, especially when dealing with elusive and rare species such as the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). Nevertheless, otter DNA obtained from scats and anal secretions appears to be exposed to very quick degradation processes, and the success rate in DNA amplification is lower than in other carnivores. We collected 191 samples from April to September 2011 along the river Sangro basin (Italy) which was recently re-colonized by the Eurasian otter. Using two sets of microsatellite loci (six Lut and seven OT loci), we investigated the influence of sample type and age, collection time, storage time, temperature and humidity on genotyping success and amplification success. We also tested the efficacy of different DNA extraction kits and storage buffer mediums. Finally, we compared amplification success rate, allelic dropout and false allele rates for each locus. We obtained a mean amplification success rate of 79.0 % and a genotyping success rate of 35.1 %. Fresh pure jellies yielded the highest amplification success and genotyping rate. Six microsatellite loci should be theoretically sufficient to distinguish the individual unrelated otters (PID = 0.001), while 13 loci were needed to distinguish sibling otters (PIDsibs = 0.002) in our population. We identified 11 otters, and molecular sexing ascertained the presence of five males, four females and two uncertain individuals. Generalized linear models highlighted a significant influence of sample type and age, temperature and humidity both on genotyping and amplification success.

5

Phylogenetic relationships among the European and American bison and seven cattle breeds reconstructed using the BovineSNP50 Illumina Genotyping BeadChip

27%

Pertoldi C., Tokarska M., Wojcik J. M., Kawalko A., Randi E., Kristensen T. N., Loeschcke V., Coltman D., Wilson G. A., Gregersen V. R., Bendixen C.

Acta Theriologica

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2010

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tom 55

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nr 2

97-108

Here we present the first attempt to use the BovineSNP50 Illumina Genotyping BeadChip for genome-wide screening of European bison Bison bonasus bonasus (EB), two subspecies of American bison: the plains bison Bison bison bison (PB), the wood bison Bison bison athabascae (WB) and seven cattle Bos taurus breeds. Our aims were to (1) reconstruct their evolutionary relationships, (2) detect any genetic signature of past bottlenecks and to quantify the consequences of bottlenecks on the genetic distances amongst bison subspecies and cattle, and (3) detect loci under positive or stabilizing selection. A Bayesian clustering procedure (STRUCTURE) detected ten genetically distinct clusters, with separation among all seven cattle breeds and European and American bison, but no separation between plain and wood bison. A linkage disequilibrium based program (LDNE) was used to estimate the effective population size (N e) for the cattle breeds; N e was generally low, relative to the census size of the breeds (cattle breeds: mean N e = 299.5, min N e = 18.1, max N e = 755.0). BOTTLENECK 1.2 detected signs of population bottlenecks in EB, PB and WB populations (sign test and standardized sign test: p = 0.0001). Evidence for loci under selection was found in cattle but not in bison. All extant wild populations of bison have shown to have survived severe bottlenecks, which has likely had large effects on genetic diversity within and differentiation among groups.

6

Long-distance dispersal of a wolf, Canis lupus, in northwestern Europe

27%

Andersen L. W., Harms V., Caniglia R., Czarnomska S. D., Fabbri E., Jedrzejewska B., Kluth G., Madsen A. B., Nowak C., Pertoldi C., Randi E., Reinhardt I., Stronen A. V.

Acta Theriologica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 2

Several mammal species have recolonized their historical ranges across Europe during the last decades. In November 2012, a wolf-looking canid was found dead in Thy National Park (56° 56′ N, 8° 25′ E) in Jutland, Denmark. DNA from this individual and nine German wolves were genotyped using a genome-wide panel of 22,163 canine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and compared to existing profiles based on the same marker panel obtained from northeastern Polish (n = 13) wolves, domestic dogs (n = 13) and known wolf-dog hybrids (n = 4). The Thy canid was confirmed to be a wolf from the German-western Polish population, approximately 800 km to the southeast. Access to the German reference database on DNA profiles based on 13 autosomal microsatellites of German wolves made it possible to pinpoint the exact pack origin of the Thy wolf in Saxony, Germany. This was the first documented observation of a wolf in Denmark in 200 years and another example of long-distance dispersal of a carnivore.

Ograniczanie wyników

Effects of fragmentation and isolation on genetic variability of the Italian populations of wolf Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos

Allozyme variability in Bulgarian wild boar populations

The dynamics of the orn growth in Bulgarian chamois Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica

Procedures to genotype problematic non-invasive otter (Lutra lutra) samples

Phylogenetic relationships among the European and American bison and seven cattle breeds reconstructed using the BovineSNP50 Illumina Genotyping BeadChip

Long-distance dispersal of a wolf, Canis lupus, in northwestern Europe