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A total of 358 incubating embryos and 575 chicks produced by 36 Japanese quail parental pairs were used to determine the effect of temperature applied during short-term storage on uniformity of embryo development after 24 h of incubation and on hatchability. Embryos from eggs laid during the night reached at average the higher level of development (4.81 points) than from day deposited eggs (4.34 points), but differences were not statistically confirmed. This insignificance could result from lack of ability to apply a proper time scale to deal with eggs that were laid at night. No impact of investigated storage temperature on hatchability was found. Nevertheless, significant differences between the lines and nests occurred.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of environmental enrichment on cats in captivity. The observation was carried out in Warsaw ZOO. Three species: puma (1:1), jaguar (1:1) and ceylon leopard (1:1) were observed. The data were collected from May to November 2000. Each week of observation was represented by three consecutive days (I - baseline, II and III - with enrichment). As regards to inactivity and activity time ratio was recorded. In reference to stereotypy also incidence of pacing was noted. The results based on 5400 minutes of observation time. Out of the six observed cats one, the male puma, did not show any form of stereotypical behaviour. The female jaguar devoted less than 2% of time to stereotypical behaviour. With four out of six observed cats, the introduction of the enrichment had a major influence on their behaviour. The study confirmed the different motivational background of stereotypical behaviours and the necessity of fitting the type of enrichment to the animals' desires.
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