The paper presents harmfulness estimation of the most important diseases and pests occurring in main agricultural and horticultural crops in Poland in 2009. Presented data are based on the results of field observations provided by Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service Inspectors. In 2009 the increase of agrophages’ occurrence was recorded in cases of: Blumeria graminis DC., Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici (Erikss.) C.O. Johnson, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Müller) Hedjaroude, Rhopalosiphum padi L., Sitobion avenae F., – on wheat, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary – on potato, Cercospora beticola Sacc. – on sugar beet, Leptosphaeria spp., Meligethes aeneus F., Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk., Dasyneura brassicae Winn. – on rape, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. et Curt.) Rostovzev, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Sm. et B.) Young, Peronospora destructor (Berk.) Fr., Chamaepsila rosae Fabr. – on vegetable crops, Cydia pomonella L. – in orchards comparing to 2008.