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An immunoelectron microscope-decoration technique was used to define serological relationships among carlaviruses (5 viruses and 9 antisera). The degree of relationship among these viruses was assessed on the basis of the intensity of antibody coating when the viruses were decorated with heterologous antibodies. A relationship was observed among PVM, PVS, CLV, CVB, LilMV, HoLV, HoMV and between WPSV and LilMV. PopMV was not related serologically to any of these viruses. The PVS particles were occasionally surrounded by an external spiral of an unidentified protein material.
Presented review of rose diseases, associated with the plant degeneration symptoms, includes rose streak, rose colour break, rose rosette or rose witches’ broom, rose dieback, rose wilt, rose stunt, rose leaf curl, rose spring dwarf, rose little leaf, rose „frisure”, rose bud proliferation and rose flower proliferation. Most of these disorders are characterized by stunting or dwarfing of plants accompanied by a partial wilt and dieback of shoots. Proliferation and epinasty often occurred. Apart from detected viruses (TSV, SLRSV) parts of degeneration syndrome have been transmitted by grafting other have failed to achieve any transmission of the causal agent. It seems likely that rose degeneration disorders in spite of symptom similarities are due to a complex of interacting factors including probably viruses.
Presented review of rose diseases, associated with the mosaic symptoms, includes common and yellow rose mosaic, rose ring pattern, rose X disease, rose line pattern, yellow vein mosaic and rose mottle mosaic disease. Based on symptomatology and graft transmissibility of causing agent many of those rose disorders are called „virus-like diseases” since the pathogen has never been identified. However, several viruses were detected and identified in roses expressing mosaic symptoms. Currently the most prevalent rose viruses are Prunus necrotic ringspot virus - PNRSV, Apple mosaic virus - ApMV (syn. Rose mosaic virus) and Arabis mosaic virus - ArMV. Symptoms and damages caused by these viruses are described. Tomato ringspot virus, Tobacco ringspot virus and Rose mottle mosaic virus are also mentioned as rose pathogens. Methods of control of rose mosaic diseases are discussed.
During last 15 years at least 38 species from 16 genera of plant viruses were detected and identified in environmental waters, such as rivers, streams, ponds, lakes and in the sea. Infectious virus particles were found in field and greenhouse irrigation systems, hydroponic cultures, manure nutrient solutions, and even in semi-liquid sludge of sewage plants. Plant viruses were also detected in tap water, fogs and in the clouds. Presented paper reviews: - the methods used for detecting plant viruses in waters samples, - the forms and stages of infectious plant viruses in natural waters, - methods of long distance water-transmission of plant viruses including the origins of virus particles in surface waters and mechanisms of plant infections, - epidemiological consequences of water-born and air-born plant virus discovery.
A very close serological relationship was found between CVB and PVS, while only a distant relationship was shown between CVB and CLV. Each of these viruses had its own characteristic major “antigenic fraction”, distinguishing it from the others, and small “antigenic fraction” common to all four. The antiserum to CLV was shown to be the richest in various antigenic fractions, antisera against PVM and PVS had the same number of fractions but of different specificity and CVB-antiserum had the relatively smallest number of fractions.
This paper reviewed current literature concerning the problem of rhizomania disease caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV, Benyvirus). At present, it is considered as a serious problem in almost all sugar beet growing regions of the world. Some details conceming virus taxonomy and compositions of BNYVV genome, virus transmission and disease spreading as well as the methods of virus detection and control of rhizomania disease are described. In Poland the occurrence of the BNYVV, especially due to favorable conditions for its vector Polymyxa betae can still make sugar beet production uneconomic. Taking into consideration the first report about considerable lasses the most urgent task is to restrain the spread of rhizomania.
Krótko przypomniano zasady nazewnictwa taksonów wirusów oraz skomentowano zmiany w klasyfikacji i nazwach taksonów, jakie zaszły po publikacji 8. Raportu ICTV. Lista wirusów obejmuje gatunki z rodzin: Reoviridae, Totiviridae, Chrysoviridae, Hypoviridae, Partitiviridae, Endornaviridae, Narnaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Ophioviridae, Fimoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Tospoviridae, Pseudoviridae i Metaviridae, oraz wiroidy zaliczane do rodzin Avsunviroidae i Pospiviroidae.
Krótko przypomniano źródła informacji o zasadach taksonomii wirusów i uzasadniono włączenie do tekstu wirusów grzybów oraz wiroidów. Wykaz wirusów w tej części obejmuje rodziny Geminiviridae, Nanoviridae, Caulimoviridae i Rhizidioviridae.
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