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Effect of high dietary copper on the expression of hypothalamic appetite regulators in weanling pigs

100%

Zhu D., Yu B., Ju C., Mei S., Chen D.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

2011

tom 20

nr 1

The current study evaluated appetite-related gene expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin, type 2 orexin receptor (OrexinR2), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), AMP-activated protein kinase α2 subunit (AMPKα2) and long-form leptin receptor (LeptinRb) in hypothalamus in response to copper (Cu) supplementation. One hundred crossbred pigs were assigned to four groups of 25 pigs, each comprising five replicates of 5 animals. Groups were then randomly assigned to treatments consisted of 1. control (10 mg/kg CuSO4), 2. 100 mg/kg CuSO4, 3. 175 mg/kg CuSO4, 4. 250 mg/kg CuSO4. On d 21 of the experiment 5 pigs from each group were slaughtered and the hypothalami were collected for determination of appetite-regulating genes mRNA expression level. The results showed that average daily feed intake and average daily gain were higher (P<0.05) in 250 and 175, 250 mg/kg Cu supplemented groups, respectively, than in the 10 mg/kg group. Feed:gain ratio was lower in pigs fed the diets with 250 mg/kg Cu (P<0.05) than in the 10 mg/kg group. Furthermore, the abundances of NPY mRNA in hypothalamus were higher in 250 mg/kg Cu supplemented groups (P<0.05), whereas the abundances of POMC and LeptinRb mRNA were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in 170, 250 mg/kg and 100, 175, 250 mg/kg Cu supplemented groups, respectively. No difference was found for AMPKα2, MC4R, orexin, OrexinR2 mRNA expression (P>0.05). These data suggest that down-regulation of LeptinRb mRNA expression might contribute to the stimulation of feeding of high dietary Cu supplementation via regulation of NPY and POMC mRNA expression.

Sensory, motor and cognitive aspects of cerebellar control over the whisker system

72%

Bosman L. W. J., Lindeman S., Spanke J. K., Ju C., Owens C. B., Negrello M., Koekkoek S. K. E., De Zeeuw C. J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2014

tom 74

nr 3

Mice rely on whiskers to orient themselves in the environment and to determine position, size and texture of objects. They have large whiskers that can be moved rhythmically. In line with its behavioral importance, a substantial part of the brain is devoted to the whisker system. Most attention has been paid to ascending trigemino-thalamo-cortical pathways and descending pathways from motor cortex to brainstem, but many other brain regions are also part of the whisker system: I will discuss sensory, motor and cognitive roles of the cerebellum, a crucial organ for sensorimotor control. The cerebellum receives strong whisker input, directly via the brainstem and indirectly via the cerebral cortex. The spatial and temporal organization of whisker input to the cerebellum will be discussed as well as the cerebellar impact on whisker movement. This will be shown in electrophysiological recordings in awake mice. Finally, we demonstrate that mutant mice specifically impaired in synaptic and intrinsic plasticity of cerebellar Purkinje cells have severe problems learning a whisker based object localization task, showing that the cerebellum is also important for cognitive aspects of behavior.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1 Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

2 Ju C.

1 Bosman L. W. J.

1 Chen D.

1 De Zeeuw C. J.

1 Koekkoek S. K. E.

1 Lindeman S.

1 Mei S.

1 Negrello M.

1 Owens C. B.

1 Spanke J. K.

1 Yu B.

1 Zhu D.

1 2014

1 2011

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Effect of high dietary copper on the expression of hypothalamic appetite regulators in weanling pigs

Sensory, motor and cognitive aspects of cerebellar control over the whisker system