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W pracy badano wpływ dodatku żelaza na kiełkowanie i wzrost siewek: rzodkwi (Raphanus sa- tivus), rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus var. radicula), kapusty czerwonej (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra), brokułu (Brassica oleracea var. italica), gorczycy białej (Sinapis alba), fasoli mung (Vigna radiata), lucerny (Medicago sativa), soczewicy zielonej (Lens esculenta) oraz ku¬kurydzy (Zea mays). W doświadczeniach zastosowano następujące stężenia żelaza: 0 (kontrola), 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 oraz 36 mg • dm-3 H2O. Nie stwierdzono negatywnego wpływu dodatku żelaza na kiełkowanie nasion i Indeks Pippera, jednak siedmiodniowe siewki zazwyczaj charakteryzowały się obniżonym wigorem.
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Asahi SL stimulates plant’s vital processes like growth and development, affects physiology and biochemistry, what often leads to increased biomass accumulation and yield. However, common is opinion that application of this preparation could be beneficial only, when treated plants are grown under unfavorable conditions. Therefore the aim of this work was the assessment of the stimulatory effect of Asahi SL on Arabidopsis thaliana L. and ornamental amaranth plants grown under optimal conditions. Plants treated with Asahi SL were higher and more advanced in development, particularly generative. Biomass accumulation was greater after biostimulator application mainly due to better photosynthetic apparatus efficiency, which was manifested by (i) greater leaf area, (ii) higher total chlorophyll content and (iii) increased intensity of photosynthesis. Effect of Asahi SL on chlorophyll a fluorescence was marginal. Despite of higher transpiration and lowered stomatal resistance the RWC was almost unchanged in biostimulator treated plants what was attributed to increased water uptake. Obtained results clearly showed that Asahi SL applied on plants can also be effective and beneficial when they are grown under optimal conditions.
The effect of CaCl2 and NaCl with anti-corrosion additives (ammonium phosphate and sodium hypochlorite in amount of 3 to 5% of preparation weight), protected by Polish patent no. 198058, applied in concentrations of 4, 8 and 12 g dm-3 on germination and seedling vigour of Lolium perenne L. cv. Solen and Festuca rubra L. cv. Nimba was evaluated. Other studied parameters were: chlorophyll content, chlophyll a fluorescence and biomass accumulation in Canna × generalis, Rosa rugosa L. and Lolium perenne L. under the influence of the above mentioned substances. It was found that application of de-icing substances delayed and reduced germination of grass seedlings and declined root growth. Red fescue was less tolerant for increased salinity in soil than perennial ryegrass. Application of de-icing substances on rugosa rose, canna lilly and perennial ryegrass plants led to decrease of chlorophyll content, potential photochemical efficiency, performance index and biomass accumulation. Without anticorrosion agents the least toxic was calcium chloride and the most sodium chloride. Additives to de-icing road salts, in general, decreased NaCl toxicity and increased toxicity of CaCl2.
Three populations of silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.) were tested – one that is susceptible and two that are resistant to sulfonylureas. Th is study assessed the efficacy of control by different herbicides in a pot experiment and estimated the molecular status of resistance to sulfonylureas in analysed populations and its effect on the effi cacy of different chemical treatments. The three most effective herbicide rotation schemes were: 1) chlorsulfuron + isoproturon, ethametsulfuron + metazachlor + quinmerac, chlorsulfuron + isoproturon; 2) prosulfocarb + difl ufenican, ethametsulfuron + quizalofop-p-ethyl, prosulfocarb + diflufenican; 3) diflufenican + flufenacet, quizalofop-p-ethyl, diflufenican + flufenacet. In most cases it was more difficult to destroy 100% of the resistant population from Modgarby where the majority of plants had no mutation in the als gene. In the resistant population from Babin there were signifi cantly more individuals with mutation in the als gene, therefore exhibiting target-site resistance.
Hydrogels can absorb huge amount of water and so are able to decrease the drought stress in plants. They are used in horticulture and agriculture for years. It is possible that they may be applied also on the grass near - road areas. Because of water deficient and high salinity growth of plants in these conditions is however hard. Meanwhile, too high concentration of ions in soil can decrease efficacy of hydrogel, since it can absorb water and cations as well. Nevertheless there is still too less studies on such problem. From this point of view it seems that the complex assessment of hydrogels effect on urban lawn grass is needed. The aim of the study was therefore the evaluation of grasses condition after their cultivation under salt stress with and without hydrogels amendment. Experience was conducted for four months in the controlled green house conditions. The efficacy of hydrogels amendment was measured by the grass reactions (turfs height, fresh matter content and level of membranes injury) on three levels of salinity. The results allowed concluding that, concentration of the road deicing salt was the main factor, which affected condition of all tested species. This reaction was independent on the presence of hydrogel. Nevertheless under low and medium saline conditions watersorbent weakened significantly influence of salt stress on the grass.
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Enrichment of some leafy vegetables with magnesium

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Two thirds of the world’s population do not consume the recommended amounts of magnesium (Mg). Hence, there is an increasing interest in producing plants enriched with this element. However, while designing any enrichment treatment, the effects of the amended supply of ions on the quantity, quality and safety of food products must be considered. Leafy vegetables are readily consumed and can be a promising source of Mg and antioxidants. An attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of enriching selected cultivars of lettuce (Romaine lettuce cv. Amadeusz and head lettuce cv. Omega) and endive (cv. Burundi) with Mg (40 – optimal, 80, 120 and 160 mg Mg dm-3) on the (1) concentration of Mg and other elements (K, Ca, Fe and Zn), and the impact of higher Mg concentrations on the (2) biomass accumulation, (3) efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, (4) level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), (5) activity of antioxidant enzymes and (6) the content of phenolic compounds. Although plants enriched with Mg had a higher concentration of Mg, they usually contained less Fe. The content of Mg in plants was sufficiently high for them to be considered as an alternative dietary source of this element, but the results varied from species to species. A higher concentration of Mg had a minor effect on the biomass accumulation and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, but significantly affected the generation of ROS and changed the activity of the examined antioxidant system’s components. These findings demonstrate that enrichment with Mg may simultaneously elevate levels of ROS, which must be taken into consideration prior to implementing any enrichment technology. Among the tested cultivars, endive cv. Burundi proved to be most suitable for Mg enrichment. Plants of this cultivar grown in the presence of Mg in concentrations up to 120 mg Mg dm-3 accumulated considerable amounts of Mg, without any negative side effects.
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