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Protozoa and fungi of the oral cavity, although frequently occuring and connected with considerable clinical adverse effects, are as yet insufficiently known. The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of common invasions of Trichomonas tenax and fungi, to associate the symptoms with the diagnosis of trichomonosis complicated by mycosis and to determine trichomonacidal properties of ornidazole, tinidazole and metronidazole. 936 dentist patients with different diagnoses were included into the study. The collected material consisted of rinsings, with simultaneous application of selective media, different for protozoa and for fungi cultures. Among the examined patients T. tenax was found in 90 cases including 85 cases where it occurred together with fungi (11 species), on the basis of which the diagnosis of trichomonosomycosis of the oral cavity was established. It was the most often in patients with leukoplakia and Lichen Wilsoni. We received a statistically significant association (0.001
The objective of the study was the analysis of selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with Trichomonas tenax and fungi existing concurrently in the oral cavity ontocenosis. The study included 37 patients (age range 26-70 years, x=54.5±4.l) diagnosed with trichomonosomycosis. Standard methods were used to determine the total level of protein and its individual fractions, leukocytosis and sedimentation rate. Serum levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG, and the level of IgA immunoglobulin in saliva (S-IgA) were determined with the immunodilTussion method using NOR-Partigen and LC-Partigen (Behring) platelets. To define blastic and miotic indices (IB and IM), rosette tests ER, EAR and EACR as well as phytohemagglutinin-induced (PHA) blastic transformation test were employed. In 21.1% of patients, a decrease in total protein level (on the average 6.85±0.23 g/dl), and in 11.1% in globulins of y fraction (18.5±1.18%) was observed, in 40% of cases the leukocytes count was higher (10080±690.7), and in all patients the sedimentation rate was accelerated (77.9±12.2 mm). The level of class A immunoglobulins (368.7±49,0 mg%) was in 29.2% above norm, and of IgG class (1182.8±92.9 mg%) was in 13.6% below norm and in 13.6% above norm. In case of S-IgA (8.15±0.63 mg%), the level was below norm in all patients. Also in all patients a decreased lymphocytes T count (value ER - 37.3±1.04%) and deficiency in their function (indices: IB 22.5±2.98%, IM 2.3±0.84%) could be observed, whereas lymphocytes B count was increased (values EAR - 18.3±0.7%; values EACR -22.1-0.77). These data indicate that in cases of oral trichmonosomycosis there occurs a low level of secretory immunoglobulin class A in saliva and the number of lymphocytes T, deficient in function, is decreased.
Familial infections with Trichomonas tenax (O.F. Müller, 1773), Dobel, 1939. Aim of the study was to research familial occurrence of Trichomonas tenax and relationship between infection with the protozoan and both a state of parodontium and hygiene of oral cavity. The study involved 10 families (22 individuals). Trichomonas tenax was found in 16 patients. Simultaneously izolates of protozoans were examined with the methods of molecular biology. The study showed the dependence of infection with Trichomonas tenax on both bad hygiene of oral cavity and occurrence of pathological lesions in the paradontium.
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51%
Candida species can be a reason of infections associated with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of invasive candidosis for patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) is increased due to immunosuppressive states, prolonged length of stay, broad-spectrum antibiotics and Candida colonization. The aim of the study was to determine selected properties of fungi isolated from patients treated in the ICUs of hospitals in Lodz. The materials were collected from the oral cavity, the tracheostomy or endotracheal tube and urine from 16 children and 35 adult. In total, 127 samples were examined to differentiate the fungal strains with used morphological and biochemical methods. Candida species were isolated from adult patients (82.9%), but were not isolated from any of the children; C. albicans was the predominant fungus (61.7%), much less frequent were C. glabrata (12.8%), C. tropicalis (6.4%) and C. kefyr, C. dubliniensis (4.3% each).The susceptibility of fungi to antimycotic drugs revealed that almost all of the strains were susceptible to nystatin (97.9%) and to amphotericin B (72.3%), and resistant to fluconazole (72.3%) and ketoconazole (57.5%). No isolation of fungi from children remaining in ICU may be an evidence of high sanitary regime at these wards; fungi from the genus Candida are the etiological factors for ICU infections; 3/5 of them are caused by C. albicans, mostly of the code 2 576 174, characteristic for strains isolated from hospitalized patients; it is necessary to determine the species of the fungus and its susceptibility to drugs, which allows to conduct effective therapy; prophylactic administration of fluconazole leads to an increase in the number of strains resistant to this chemotherapeutic agent; in the antifungal local treatment, nystatin should be a drug of choice as the drug to which most fungi are susceptible.
We have evaluated the activity of acid aspartic protease in 195 strains of Candida isolated from the oral cavity of three groups of patients. The first group comprised patients with cancer of the larynx qualified for surgery, the second- patients with neoplastic disease (Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, acute granulocytic leukaemia, lymphatic leukaemia, lung cancer, multiple myeloma, stomach cancer, breast cancer) who were not treated, the third group- patients with neoplastic diseases treated by chemotherapy. The strains of fungi were differentiated using API 20C and Api 20C AUX tests according to the protocol adopted at the Department of Medical Parasitology and Biology, Medical University of Łódż. The activity of acid protease was studied by Staib method in Rózga modification. Almost all strains showed high and very high proteolytic activity. The rang of proteolysis zone of Candida strains from the three groups of patients varied from 2,5 to 12,5 mm. We have found the mean proteolytic zones of strains isolated from groups Iand III differed statistically significantly (p<0,001). Similarly, statisticall sihnificant difference was seen between these parameters for groups II and III (p<0,05), while there was no difference between strains from group I and II.
Protozoa, such as Trichomonas tenax, Entamoeba gingivalis and Leishmania braziliensis, may be present in the mouth but their role in the pathophysiology of oral diseases is not clear yet. The use of various types of mouthrinses plays an important role in maintaining proper oral hygiene and in removing some of the microbial components from the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of selected mouthrinses on the reference strains of Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis which can be a part of the oral cavity microbiota. Two standard strains Trichomonas tenax (ATCC 30207) and Entamoeba gingivalis (ATCC 30927) were used and metronidazole as a drug used in the treatment of infections caused by protozoa as well as fourteen agents used as mouthwashes were tested, with two pure compounds acting as mouthrinse ingredients, i.e. 20% benzocaine and 0.2% chlorhexidine, as well as 12 commercially-available formulas: Azulan, Colgate Plax Complete Care Sensitive, Corsodyl 0.2%, Curasept ADS 205, Dentosept, Dentosept A, Eludril Classic, Listerine Total Care, Octenidol, Oral-B Pro-Expert Clinic Line, Sylveco and Tinctura salviae. The protozoonicidal activity of the preparations was evaluated on the basis of the ratio of dead to living ratios after incubation in an incubator (37°C) for 1, 10 and 30 min. Protozoa were counted in the Bürker chamber in each case up to 100 cells in an optical microscope (over 400×). The criterion for the death of protozoa was the lack of movement and changes in the shape and characteristics of cell disintegration. The curves of activity were obtained after experiments conducted for 5–7 different solutions of each preparation. On the basis of the curves, the solution killing 50% of the population (CL₅₀) was calculated. All mouthrinses tested in this work in their undiluted form acted lethally on both protozoa. Benzocaine, used as a local anesthetic, has etiotropic properties which can be useful for supporting antiprotozoal treatment. Chlorhexidine confirmed its high efficiency in the eradication of potentially pathogenic protozoa. The use of mouthrinses is an important complement for other procedures intended to maintain correct oral hygiene.
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