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In terms of turnover value on the global wholesale flower markets, freesia has been for many years in the top ten of cut flowers. Achieving high quality inflorescences in a cultivation center without cooling the substrate is a huge challenge for the producers. The study was conducted in the years 2010–2012, during the summer-autumn season in an unheated foil tunnel. The material consisted of prepared daughter corms of ‘Summer Beach’ variety. Chitosan of 8 000 g∙dm-3 molecular weight was used in the research. Chitosan application methods (watering or spraying), its concentration (0.0; 0.2 or 0.4%), and application frequency (every 7 or 14 days) were compared experimentally. During the experiment, the number of days from the beginning of sprouting until the end of flowering was determined, and the vegetative and generative organs were evaluated. The yield of daughter corms was assessed after the end of the cultivation. High temperatures prevalent in the time of generative organ formation prolonged the flowering period of ‘Summer Beach’ freesia but the inflorescences were typical and characteristic of the variety. The effect of chitosan depended also on the temperature during the cultivation. Irrespective of chitosan application method, its concentration and frequency of treatment, its presence delayed freesia heading at higher temperatures and accelerated the process at lower temperatures. Chitosan caused an increase in freesia height, number of generated shoots and leaves and leaf greenness index. It positively affected the quality of the resulting inflorescences. However, this effect was concentration and application dependent. Moreover, chitosan increased the ratio of daughter corm formation and total ratio of corm number and mass, and reduced the ratio of daughter corm mass gain.
Freesia grown under cover to be marketed as cut flower is highly sensitive to substrate temperatures exceeding 15–18°C. However, freesia varieties of Beach group are especially attractive plants that may be easily cultivated under cover and do not require substrate cooling. Experiments were conducted in summer and fall of 2011 and 2012 in an unheated plastic tunnel. Planting material consisted of daughter bulbs of ‘Summer Beach’ freesia. The plants were treated with chitosan with a molecular weight of 8000 g∙dm–3. Experimental variants involved methods of chitosan application (watering vs. spraying), its concentration (0.2 vs. 0.4%) and frequency of application (7 vs. 14 days). During the flowering period and at the end of vegetation, freesia leaves were collected to determine the content of following micro- and macronutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe. The leaves collected at the end of vegetation season contained more P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn than those collected during flowering. The content of Mg and Cu was similar in both cases, but N level was lower at the end of vegetation. Irrespective of experimental variant, leaves of all plants treated with chitosan accumulated more N, P, Ca, Cu, Fe and Mn and less Zn during the entire vegetation season than the control ones. At the end of the vegetation season, plants sprayed with chitosan revealed higher concentration of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn, and lower concentration of K, Cu, and Mn than those watered with the investigated compound. No clear patterns of micro- and macronutrient accumulation depending on chitosan concentration were observed. Plants treated with 0.2% chitosan contained more P, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn than those exposed to its two times higher concentration. A contrary response was observed for the leaf accumulation of N and Fe.
Floral exchange markets drive steadily growing interest in ornamental plants sold as cut flowers. Unfortunately, vase life of some of these flowers remains unsatisfactory. Their ornamental value depends on their longevity and number of flowers, as well as overall appearance of the stem during its vase life. Our study determined the effects of storage conditions and Floralife flower food on vase life and ornamental value of Crocosmia ×crocosmiiflora ‘Lucifer’. Crocosmia inflorescences can be attractive cut flowers after meeting some basic requirements. Cutting the branched shoots when the first flower in the main inflorescence was fully open, the second was opening and the subsequent buds showed visible color allowed for maintaining their decorative value for an average of 18.8 days, irrespective of storage conditions and flower food. Vase life and ornamental value depend on storage conditions. Keeping the inflorescences in a semi-lit room (16.8 µmol∙m–2∙s–1), at 18–20°C, and relative humidity of 55–60% or in darkness, at 14–16°C, and relative humidity of 60–70% reduced the number of developed flowers, inflorescence weight and the amount of absorbed solution, and also declined inflorescence vase life. Application of Floralife 200 and Floralife 300 flower food increases the vase life by respectively 7.9 and 8.2 days vs. water, and improves the quality of stored inflorescences.
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