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Background: The aim of the research was to assess the longitudinal and the transverse shape of the foot arch in male and female pole vaulters. Material/Methods: The research involved 14 women and 16 men training pole vault professionally and possessing the highest level of sport’s proficiency. The assessment of the foot arch was made in static conditions, using a podoscope. The longitudinal foot arch was assessed by Clarke’s method and the transverse foot arch was based on the calcaneal angle. Results: The obtained results showed that the correct and excessive foot arch occur most frequently. Conclusions: Numerous technical exercises performed by pole vaulters on the forefoot and toes strengthen the foot (shortening muscles responsible for a proper level of the longitudinal and the transverse foot arch) and result in the correct or excessive arch in the right and the left foot.
Background: The aim of the research was to establish the types and incidence of motor organ injuries in young volleyball players and to indicate methods of preventing them. Material/Methods: The research was carried out in a population of 70 volleyball players aged 16-19, students of the Sports Championships Schools No. 2 and 3 in Gdansk, players of the Lotos Trefl Gdansk sports club. The employed method was a diagnostic survey based on an original questionnaire entitled "The Characteristics of Motor Organ Injuries in Young People Aged 16-19 Who Train Volleyball." Results: 85.7% adolescent players experienced different motor organ injuries, the main cause being overtraining and fatigue. It was found the majority of injuries were localised to upper and lower limbs. It was also found that joint dislocations were the most frequent type of trauma experienced by study participants (93.3%). Conclusions: The most frequent cause of sport injuries, in the opinion of adolescent volleyball players, were overtraining and fatigue, which may suggest the injuries could result from training errors and incorrect performance of technical tasks.
The purpose of the study was to compare the somatic build of football and basketball players aged 14, 15 and 16 years with non-training boys of the same age. The study involved 301 boys, who were divided into three study groups: football players, basketball players and non-training boys. The level of the boys’ somatic development was established on the basis of body weight and height measurements, which were the basis for determining the BMI and Rohrer’s index. In addition, the functional lengths of the right and the left lower extremity were studied. The majority of training and non-training boys were characterised by the leptosomatic body type. Basketball players across study groups were statistically significantly taller and heavier in comparison to non-training boys. Only the body weight between16-year-old basketball players and non-training boys was statistically insignificantly different. Only 14-year-old footballers were statistically significantly taller and had longer lower limbs as compared with their non-training peers. In view of the sporadic lack of differences between football players and non-training boys, the analysed biometric features of the body build, i.e. body weight and height, should not be treated as the only criterion for selection to play football, while in the case of basketball players a possibility of using these data should be taken into consideration, with additional focus on the length of lower limbs.
Background: In the reflection on old age, the issue of activating the elderly and incorporating them into social life in order to counteract social exclusion and all forms of discrimination is clearly marked. The study aimed at getting to know the opinions of the students of the University of the Third Age on preferred health behaviors and social support. Material and methods. The study group involved 130 students of the University of the Third Age. The vast majority were women (90%, n=117), and the mean age was 65.4±5.9 years. The study used a questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic data, selected health behaviors and social support. The p level of <0.05 was considered significant for the interpretation of hypotheses. Results. The place of residence does not have a significant impact on the activities undertaken among the respondents. Walks and organized gymnastics were the most frequently chosen form of physical activity, which people aged 66-70 often did. Passive rest of a significant percentage of students was associated with watching television. The most frequently occurring condition was hypertension. Emotional support was received by the respondents from the family/relatives (40% of respondents); a similar percentage of people (about 37%) declared that they had no expectations in this regard. The percentage of people using institutional support in both subgroups was significantly different, with respondents in Ketrzyn using this form more often. Conclusions. Surveyed students lead an inadequately active lifestyle. Factors such as age, place of residence and education did not affect physical activity.
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