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Aim of the study The primary objective was to assess spatio-temporal changes of the vegetation occurring in 12 reservoirs located in the Odra River basin. The analysis was made for reservoirs of different constructions, i.e. single stage, two-stage and lateral. The second purpose was to analyze possibility using remote sensing data to monitor the dynamics of the vegetation processes. Material and methods Monitoring and mapping of spatio-temporal changes of the vegetation occurring in the reservoirs was analyzed on the basis on Sentinel-2 data. The analysis was based on the NDVI and the WAVI indices. To specify spatial changes of vegetation, the reservoirs were split into zones equals to 250 m. The statistical analysis was aimed at comparing the NDVI and the WAVI values between designated zones. In turn, Cluster analysis (CA) was used to group reservoirs into clusters on the basis of similarities between the NDVI and the WAVI values. Results and conclusions Cluster analysis (CA) showed that each reservoir is separate water body where decisive impact on degradation process could have different factor. There was observed that two-stage construction focuses degradation processes in pre-reservoir and protect water resources in the main part. Additionally, relatively new solution – lateral reservoirs seems to be alternative preventing degradation processes. Taking into account possibility of using satellite imagery, there was observed that resolutions of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery allow to monitor vegetation processes in terms of time and space. The major limitation of using remote sensing data is high cloud density, which significantly reduces the number of observations during most of the year.
The aim of this study was to analyze the heavy metals transport in a river-reservoir system. Sediment samples from 25 locations (9 from the Powa River and 16 from the Stare Miasto Reservoir) were analyzed for trace metals contents (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb). The relationships between heavy metal concentrations and bottom sediment physical properties were determined with the use of the multivariate statistical techniques cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results showed that concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments of the reservoir were higher than those in the bottom sediments of the river. Concentrations of heavy metals in bottom sediments in the river above the reservoir were characterized by lower spatial variability. Decisive influence on heavy metal concentrations of bottom sediments had silt, clay, and total organic matter content.
Aim of the study The aim of the study was to assess the degree of heavy metal pollution in bottom sediments of lakes on the basis of geochemical and ecotoxicological indicators. Material and methods The analysis was conducted for 16 lakes located in the Gniezno Lakeland in central-western Poland. The studied lakes were included in the research program obtained from the Inspector of Environmental Protection within the framework of the State Environmental Monitoring. The Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Metal Pollution Index (MPI) were calculated to assess the level of sediment contamination. Assessment of the potential toxic effects of heavy metals accumulated in bottom sediments were made on the basis of TEC, MEC and PEC values. Cluster analysis (CA) was used to show similarities between lakes in terms of heavy metal concentration in bottom sediments. To identify factors affecting metal content in bottom sediments and potential sources of pollution, the PCA analysis was applied. Results and conclusions The analyses showed a large variation of heavy metals concentration in bottom sediments. The bottom sediments of lakes were polluted mostly with lead. High concentrations of lead in individual lakes may cause harm to living organisms. The lowest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the bottom sediments of Kamienieckie Lake and the highest in Ostrówieckie Lake. Cluster analysis allowed to divide the lakes into two groups with similar concentration of heavy metal in bottom sediments. The studies did not allow to clearly expose the factors responsible for determining the heavy metal content in bottom sediments of lakes.
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