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Wpływ leśnych zabiegów hodowlanych na nietoperze

100%

Burgiell P.

Sylwan

2017

tom 161

nr 09

The paper synthesizes the knowledge on the impact of silvicultural treatments on bat populations. Forest management affects stand structure and composition, and silvicultural treatments exert both positive or negative impact on the activity of individual bat species. Studies published on the issue suggest that forest management may prove useful for the conservation of bat populations, especially in areas that are important to bats. Harvesting system influences spatial and age patterns as well as the share of open woodland areas in forests, which are used by majority of bat species. In particular, polycyclic harvesting systems result in a mosaic of open midforest areas of various size such as clearcuts, group shelterwood cuts and gaps in forest stands, which are very attractive foraging habitats to bats. Common noctules and parti−coloured bats prefer to hunt by flying at high speeds and altitudes above open midforest areas such as clearcuts and group shelterwood cuts. Serotine bats and Nathusius' pipistrelles use smaller gaps and stands treated with shelterwood cuts. Barbastellas and Bechstein's bats prefer more cluttered foraging habitats in dense vegetation and canopy, while long−eared bats fly slower and glean their prey from plants. Selection cutting and irregular group shelterwood methods, which have the fewest cutting constraints, contribute most significantly to creating a mosaic of diversely structured stands and open midforest areas. Forest stands managed with such harvesting systems are the most preferred foraging sites for the largest number of ecomorphological groups of bats. The thinning of trees at younger age reduces density, thus opening up new foraging sites or providing access to such sites to bats, which fly fast, but are less manoeuvre (e.g. common noctules). The loss of roosting habitats for maternity colonies due to tree cutting or microclimate changes in forest stands is the greatest threat from the forest management. Silvicultural treatments affect the structure of forest stands and, in consequence, bat populations. Sustainable forest management may be useful for bat conservation. Forest stands with diverse structure as well a mosaic of variously−sized midforest areas provide the best foraging and mating conditions for the highest number of bat species.

Potencjał nietoperzy w biologicznej ochronie lasu

100%

Burgiell P.

Sylwan

2018

tom 162

nr 09

Bats have a set of features that make them very effective insects predators, thus they can potentially play an important role as a biological pest control agent in forests. The active flight ability, nocturnal lifestyle, high level of metabolism and a lack of a significant threat from predators make bats the most important predators of insects active in the evening and at night. All bats species noted in Poland are associated with forests, where they use various microhabitats and forage on various types of prey. According to foraging strategy and diet, insect−eating bats have been divided into several ecomorphological groups, which shows different efficacy in foraging on particular species of forest insects pests. Numerous studies indicate that bats diet includes primary forest pests from order Lepidoptera and also some species from Diptera and Coleoptera. Forest pests from Lepidoptera and Diptera represent a significant share in the diet of gleaning bats, especially long eared bats Plecotus sp., barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus and Natterer’s bats Myotis nattererii. During the swarming period Melolonthinae sp. and Amphimallon sp. (Coleoptera) dominate in the diet of all larger species of bats, especially aerial hawkers and bats foraging along the linear elements in the landscape: serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus, commone noctule Nyctalus noctula, lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri and mouse eared bat Myotis myotis (which forage mainly on ground beetles). Moreover many bat species are able to change diet and adapt it to the most abundant prey. According to forest protection, the most important guilds are gleaners, bats foraging in the dense vegetation and canopy and aerial hawkers. Bats have a great potential as a biological control agents and all conservation practices including this group of animals will simultaneously support the natural forest resistance mechanisms.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Sylwan

2 Burgiell P.

1 2018

1 2017

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wpływ leśnych zabiegów hodowlanych na nietoperze

Potencjał nietoperzy w biologicznej ochronie lasu