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Modern research techniques revealed interrelations between bacteria and the effect on the host organism. Our bodies harbour bacteria that get ahead of the competition in finding food and shelter. Their success is often down to the production of substances which inhibit or destroy rival micro-organisms. We have new evidence which confirms that ‘friendly’ bacteria can be used for treatment of contagious diseases instead of pharmaceuticals. This would prevent drug-resistance and reduce the need for antibiotics in medicine, veterinary and animal husbandry.
Następstwem epidemii „choroby wściekłych krów” jest presja społeczna na zastępowanie produktów uzyskiwanych z przerobu tkanek zwierzęcych (żelatyna) przez substancje alternatywne, nie stanowiące zagrożenia dla zdrowia człowieka. Takimi substancjami mogą być polisacharydowe polimery, pozyskiwane głównie z roślin i morskich glonów. Źródłem takich produktów mogą być także drobnoustroje, a zwłaszcza bakterie. Autor pisze o przemysłowym, medycznym i farmakologicznym zastosowaniu polisacharydów oraz o ich roli w ochronie środowiska.
Rough estimates indicate that annually some 500 million people cross state boundaries on planes. And travellers, luggage and cargo are often accompanied by pathogens. The epidemiological risk connected with air transport results from the presence of people who are in the asymptomatic stage of an infectious disease and they can infect other travellers. Many serious cases of diseases have been caused by bacterial infections transmitted by passengers of international airlines who travel to other continents.
Much publicity is given to harmful effects of various pigments, flavouring agents, preservatives added to food. While little attention is paid to the residual pharmacological in foodstuffs, commonly used in breeding livestock, especially for meat and dairy production. These are antibiotics, hormone-type substances and tranquilizers. The food contaminants posing a universal threat to the health of the public.
Each organic product, including food, is naturally exposed to physical, chemical and biological factors, which ultimately cause its decay. However, the main causes of food decay are the microbes. Their presence in food exacerbates not only the putridity but also the spreading of contagious diseases. The article is an answer to the question posed in its title.
Food contamination, especially related to animals, with infectious pathogens and toxins is one of the most serious health problems. This phenomenon is intensified in third world countries, but the constant movement of people from this region to highly industrialized countries shifts the local problem to the global scale. The development of international trade and tourism also contributes to it.
Reports by the WHO emphasise the disturbing reoccurrence of dangerous infectious diseases threatening in the past and the concurrent resilience of pathogens to antibiotics which hinders, or even prevents, combating them. Under such circumstances, new effective solutions should be sought, and using bacteriophage, natural enemies of bacteria, may be such a solution. The author presents the history of studies on bacteriophage, their application in therapy and its prospects.
Every year in Poland, 3 000-5 000 people are bitten by dogs, and a dozen people or so must undergo hospital treatment. Despite common belief, pure-bred dogs are not the main culprits, but mongrels and dachshunds. 300 cases are caused by domestic cats. Pet’s mouths contain teeth, but also tens of germ species. Not only do animals bite. 3.6-23% wounds requiring medical advice were caused by human bites.
The fight for the clean environment and healthy food also means limiting chemotherapy. To some extent, it is possible thanks to the so-called probiotic bacteria, which seem to attract a lot of scientific interest. These are living micro-organisms, mainly lactic acid bacteria, which can not only be utilised in food processing (as food preservatives), but also in preventing and treating diseases.
The climate change may have a direct and indirect impact on human health. Direct effects of the climate change include an increased mortality rate due to rapid temperature rise, floods, etc. The indirect impacts disturbing ecosystems are even more serious, leading, amongst others, to the spread of infectious diseases. The author focuses on this aspect on the global scale.
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