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Platelets are anucleate cells derived from the megakaryocyte series, and have long been considered only as cells responsible for coagulation and the fibrinolysis process. However, recently more data shows that they are also effector cells in the inflammatory response and important elements of the immunological response. Platelets store and release many biologically active substances, including growth factors, cytokines and chemokines (tab. 1), which actively affect i.a. elements of the immune system, and thus become regulators of immunity and mediators of inflammatory response. Their impact on the immune system cells is also associated with the induction of leucocytes and progenitor cells to the site of pathogen permeation or vascular injury inflow, as well as endothelial cells. Interacting with neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, they not only activate them, but also form platelet-leukocyte aggregates that immobilise pathogens and prevent their spreading. Furthermore, platelets are capable of absorbing pathogens, affecting anti-infection immunity of the system. It is also assumed that the presence of receptors on their surface, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), affects their initiation and activity of the immunological response.
The objective of the study was to determine values of apoptosis for peripheral blood lymphocytes and granulocytes, including dependency on the season of the year, in Polish mixed-breed rabbits and in mixed-breed rabbits with the addition of blood of meat-breed rabbits. The study was carried out in four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) involving 120 Polish mixed-breed rabbits – group I, and 120 Polish mixed-breed rabbits with addition of meat-breed rabbit blood – group II. Assessment of apoptosis of lymphocytes and granulocytes was performed using as FACScan cytometer by Becton Dickinson with FACSDiva software (USA), using as ApoFluor®Green Caspase reagent kit (MP Biomedicals, USA) to detect the activity of the total caspase pool 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in granulocytes and lymphocytes of rabbit peripheral blood. The results for apoptosis of lymphocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood in the animals investigated (group I and II) were subjected to statistical analysis with the t’Student test at p=0.05. It was noted that, in rabbits from group I, the values for apoptosis of lymphocytes were the highest in winter and autumn (36.02% and 31.24%, respectively), and the lowest in spring and summer (26.73% and 22.72%, respectively), whereas in the case of granulocytes the highest values were in summer and spring (14.69% and 12.95%, respectively), and the lowest in winter and autumn (8.16% and 8.57%, respectively). In mixed-breed rabbits with the addition of meat-breed blood (group II), the values for apoptosis of lympocytes were the highest in spring (29.13%), and the lowest in summer (25.43%); whereas in the case of granulocytes the highest values were in summer and spring (14.0% and 11.15%, respectively), and the lowest in autumn and winter (7.46% and 7.64%, respectively).
The aim of the study was to establish reference values for the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level, and the numbers of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood of mixed-breed rabbits and of mixed-breeds with the addition of meat breed blood, taking into account the impact of the season (spring, summer, autumn, winter) and the sex of the animals. The study was performed on 200 mixed-breed rabbits and 200 mixed-breed rabbits with the addition of meat breeds. The results show that the parameters differed between the two groups. The haematocrit value and the numbers of leucocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes were lower in mixed-breed rabbits than they were in mixed-breed rabbits with the addition of meat breed blood, whereas the numbers of thrombocytes and neutrophils were higher in mixed-breed rabbits than they were in the other group. These values were similar to those obtained previously for unspecified rabbits and to reference values for New Zealand rabbits. The season of the year had a different impact on the values examined in the two groups: small in the mixed-breed group and more significant in the other. In both groups, the effect of the season was more noticeable in spring and summer. It was also shown that the sex had a moderate impact on the haematological parameters examined in both groups of rabbits.
In the paper we studied haematologic values,such as haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, thrombocytes, leucocytes: lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes in the pheral blood in Polish mixed-breeds with addition of meat breed blood in order to obtain the reference values which are until now not available for this animals. In studying this indices we took into consideration the impact of the season (spring, summer, autumn, winter), and sex of the animals. The studies have shown a high impact of the season of the year on those rabbits, but only in spring and summer. Moreover we observed that the sex has mean impact on the studied values of haematological parameters in those rabbits. According to our knowledge, this is the first paper on haematologic values in this widely used group of rabbits, so they may serve as reference values.
In Poland, rabbit is a highly valued animal, due to dietetic and flavour values of its meat, but above all, rabbits tend to be commonly used laboratory animals. The aim of the study was developing standards for counts of B-cells with CD19+ receptor, T-cells with CD5+ receptor, and their subpopulations, namely T-cells with CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ receptor in the peripheral blood of mixed-breed Polish rabbits with addition of blood of meet breeds, including the assessment of the impact of four seasons of the year and animal sex on the values of the immunological parameters determined. The results showed that the counts of B- and T-cells and their subpopulations in peripheral blood remain within the following ranges: for CD19+ B-cells: 1.05 - 3.05%, for CD5+ T-cells: 34.00 - 43.07%, CD4+ T-cells: 23.52 - 33.23%, CD8+ T-cells: 12.55 - 17.30%, whereas for CD25+ T-cells: 0.72 - 2.81%. As it comes to the season of the year, it was observed that it principally affects the values of CD25+ T-cells, while in the case of rabbit sex, more changes were found in females.
The paper describes the assessment of B lymphocytes with CD19+ receptor, as well as T lymphocytes with receptor CD5+, and their subpopulations - T lymphocytes with CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ receptors, in rabbits infected with seven haemagglutinating strains of RHDV from various European countries. The aim of the study was to find out if the newly observed strains carry the same or similar immunological properties as the RHDV strains analysed previously. The study was performed on 70 mixed-breed rabbits divided into 7 groups of infected animals (consisting of 5 animals each), corresponding to the analyzed RHDV strains. For each of seven groups of infected animals a corresponding group of control animals was assigned (consisting of 5 animals each). The dynamics of the chosen lymphocytes and their subpopulations was assessed with the use of flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies. The results of the study enable the authors to conclude that those 7 strains resemble Czech strains and may be qualified as strains with medium immunogenicity, forming one immunotype.
The aim of the study was to develop reference values for such haematologic values as haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, volume of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes in peripheral blood in Polish mixed-breed rabbits, considering the impact of the season (spring, summer, autumn, winter), and sex of the animals. The results reveal, that the season of the year has a small impact in Polish mixed-breed rabbits, and it principally referred to spring and summer. Finally it was shown, that sex has average impact on the studied values of haematological parameters.
 The pathogenicity of RHDV (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus) is mainly associated with its affinity to blood vessels, with causing disseminated intravascular coagulations (DIC), and with the stimulation of the host immune system. Moreover, there are implications suggesting that apoptosis may be a pivotal process in understanding the basis of viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits - a serious infectious disease causing mortality to wild and domestic rabbits. The aim of this study is to evaluate, by means of flow cytometry, the dynamics of apoptosis in peripheral blood granulocytes and lymphocytes in rabbits experimentally infected with seven different strains of RHDV and so-called antigenic variants of RHDV denominated as RHDVa, i.e.: Hungarian 24V/89, 1447V/96, 72V/2003; Austrian 01-04, 237/04, V-412 and French 05-01. The results showed that all of the RHDV and RHDVa strains cause an increase in the number of apoptotic cells throughout the infection, which might indicate the need for further analysis of the importance of this process.
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Mixed-breed rabbits in Poland are widely used for diagnostic and scientific research and as utility animals, therefore there is a need to know their immunological status, as well as their haematological status. In this study natural immunity factors were analyzed in Polish mixed-breed rabbits and Polish mixed-breed rabbits with addition of blood of meet-breed, considering the impact of sex and season of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) using measurement of non-specific cellular and humoral immunity parameters in peripheral blood. The study has revealed that there is a variety between the two commonly used mixed-breed types of rabbits, especially when sex and season is concerned, which is crucial for using these animals in experiments.
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