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1
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The psychrospheric coral fauna from the Lower Pliocene of northern Italy

100%
Russo A.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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1980
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tom 25
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nr 3-4
The coral fauna of various localities in Northern Apennines shows that the isolation of the Mediterranean at the end of the Miocene period (Messinian) deeply affected the geological and biological history of the Tethys during and after the "salinity crisis". The coral fauna includes several species (Flabenum berti, Stephanocyathus strobeli, Caryophyllia communis, Caryophyllia felinea, etc.) which are similar to deep water species of the present N-E Atlantic. The presence of these corals in the earliest Pliocene period of the "Mediterranean" together with other deep-and-cold water forms involves hydrologic conditions similar to those occurring at present in the N-E Atlantic, possibly by an intercommunication between the Ocean and the Tethyan Sea which was deeper than the Recent Gibraltar threshold.
2
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Microstructural diversity of the stylophyllid [Scleractinia] skeleton

63%
Stolarski J., Russo A.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2002
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tom 47
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nr 4
Coralla of the three species of solitary corals described herein from the Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of Sicily, i.e., Haimeicyclus haimei (Chapuis and Dewalque, 1853), Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), and Stylophyllopsis sp. A., conform to the overall stylophyllid morphology. Their septa consist of spines that are increasingly covered with sclerenchyme and low in the calice form compact blades. The pattern of diagenetic alteration of septa is diverse but consistent within particular taxa. It suggests that the spectrum of the original microstructures is wider than traditionally suggested for stylophyllids. In H. haimei, the septa are covered with dense granulations and completely recrystallized. Granulations also cover septal faces of Stylophyllopsis cf. rugosa and have rod−like foundations. In Stylophyllopsis sp. A., vestiges of the narrow mid−septal zone (similar to that in minitrabecular corals) occur in the proximal part of larger septa, whereas septal spines which are similar to those in Stylophyllopsis cf. rugosa occur in their distal parts. Similar diversity of microstructures is reported also in Triassic stylophyllids that have aragonitic coralla. The presence of distinct septal spines along with wide−ranging microstructural diversity of traditional Triassic–Jurassic stylophyllids, casts light on their possible evolutionary relationships, and can be a useful criterion for further revision of the group. For example, Jurassic thecocyathids, considered ancestral to caryophylliinans, share similar spiny/lobate septa with stylophyllids. Also Recent deep−water anthemiphylliids with spiny/lobate septa are strikingly similar to stylophyllids. Although this may be another example of parallel evolution, the separation of anthemiphylliids from other scleractinian clades on a mitochondrial 16S RNA tree topology suggests their ancient roots and enable us to suggest a stylophyllid ancestry. The supposed cyclic pattern of protoseptal insertion in Early Jurassic H. haimei supports the hypothesis of scleractinian−like (and not rugosan) ancestory of the stylophyllid evolutionary lineage.
3

A survey of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and tending ants in Tunisian vineyards

45%
Mansour R., Mazzeo G., La Pergola A., Lebdi K. G., Russo A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2011
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tom 51
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nr 3
In 2009, two mealybug species Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Planococcus citri (Risso) and an armoured scale species, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) were recorded throughout Tunisian table-grape vineyards. P. ficus was by far the most widespread scale insect species within the investigated grape growing areas and was also recorded on fig trees. Among 31 inspected vineyards, 8 were non-infested, 16 slightly to moderately infested, and 7 highly infested by mealybugs. Therefore, the latter are principal pests in vineyards and should be sustainably managed to avoid major crop losses on grapevine. Six ant species were found in Tunisian mealybug-infested table-grape vineyards. They are Tetramorium semilaeve André, Plagiolepis schmitzii (Forel), Tapinoma nigerrimum (Nylander), Crematogaster schmidti (Mayr), Pheidole pallidula (Nylander) and Pheidole teneriffana Forel. The four latter species were reported tending mealybugs on grapevines. T. nigerrimum was found to be the ant most associated with the pseudococcid mealybugs. Our findings are new data for Tunisian grape-growing areas and will contribute to enhance Integrated Pest Management programs in vineyards.
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